Nobel Prize winners by year 7

Nobel Prize winners by year 7

▪ Table
Nobel Prize winners by year (1981–90)
year category name country* achievement literary area
1981
chemistry Fukui Kenichi Japan orbital symmetry interpretation of chemical reactions
chemistry Hoffmann, Roald U.S. orbital symmetry interpretation of chemical reactions
economics Tobin, James U.S. portfolio selection theory of investment
literature Canetti, Elias Bulgaria novelist, essayist
physics Bloembergen, Nicolaas U.S. applications of lasers in spectroscopy
physics Schawlow, Arthur Leonard (Schawlow, Arthur L.) U.S. applications of lasers in spectroscopy
physics Siegbahn, Kai Manne Börje Sweden electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis
physiology/
medicine Hubel, David Hunter U.S. processing of visual information by the brain
physiology/
medicine Sperry, Roger Wolcott U.S. functions of the cerebral hemispheres
physiology/
medicine Wiesel, Torsten Nils Sweden processing of visual information by the brain
1982
chemistry Klug, Aaron U.K. determination of structure of biological substances
economics Stigler, George J. U.S. economic effects of governmental regulation
literature García Márquez, Gabriel Colombia novelist, journalist, social critic
peace Myrdal, Alva (Myrdal, Alva Reimer) Sweden
physics Wilson, Kenneth Geddes U.S. analysis of continuous phase transitions
physiology/
medicine Bergström, Sune K. Sweden biochemistry and physiology of prostaglandins
physiology/
medicine Samuelsson, Bengt Ingemar Sweden biochemistry and physiology of prostaglandins
physiology/
medicine Vane, John Robert (Vane, Sir John Robert) U.K. biochemistry and physiology of prostaglandins
1983
chemistry Taube, Henry U.S. study of electron transfer reactions
economics Debreu, Gerard U.S. mathematical proof of supply and demand theory
literature Golding, Sir William U.K. novelist
peace Walesa, Lech (Wałęsa, Lech) Poland
physics Chandrasekhar, Subrahmanyan U.S. contributions to understanding the evolution and devolution of stars
physics Fowler, William A. U.S. contributions to understanding the evolution and devolution of stars
physiology/
medicine McClintock, Barbara U.S. discovery of mobile plant genes that affect heredity
1984
chemistry Merrifield, Bruce U.S. development of a method of polypeptide synthesis
economics Stone, Sir Richard U.K. development of national income accounting system
literature Seifert, Jaroslav Czech. poet
peace Tutu, Desmond South Africa
physics Meer, Simon van der The Netherlands discovery of subatomic particles W and Z, which supports the electroweak theory
physics Rubbia, Carlo Italy discovery of subatomic particles W and Z, which supports the electroweak theory
physiology/
medicine Jerne, Niels K. U.K.-Denmark theory and development of a technique for producing monoclonal antibodies
physiology/
medicine Köhler, Georges J.F. West Germany theory and development of a technique for producing monoclonal antibodies
physiology/
medicine Milstein, César Argentina theory and development of a technique for producing monoclonal antibodies
1985
chemistry Hauptman, Herbert A. U.S. development of a way to map the chemical structures of small molecules
chemistry Karle, Jerome U.S. development of a way to map the chemical structures of small molecules
economics Modigliani, Franco U.S. analyses of household savings and financial markets
literature Simon, Claude France novelist
physics Klitzing, Klaus von West Germany discovery of the quantized Hall effect, permitting exact measurements of electrical resistance
physiology/
medicine Brown, Michael S. U.S. discovery of cell receptors relating to cholesterol metabolism
physiology/
medicine Goldstein, Joseph L. U.S. discovery of cell receptors relating to cholesterol metabolism
1986
chemistry Herschbach, Dudley R. U.S. development of methods for analyzing basic chemical reactions
chemistry Lee, Yuan T. U.S. development of methods for analyzing basic chemical reactions
chemistry Polanyi, John C. Canada development of methods for analyzing basic chemical reactions
economics Buchanan, James M. U.S. public-choice theory bridging economics and political science
literature Soyinka, Wole Nigeria playwright, poet
peace Wiesel, Elie U.S.
physics Binnig, Gerd West Germany development of special electron microscopes
physics Rohrer, Heinrich Switzerland development of special electron microscopes
physics Ruska, Ernst West Germany development of special electron microscopes
physiology/
medicine Cohen, Stanley U.S. discovery of chemical agents that help regulate the growth of cells
physiology/
medicine Levi-Montalcini, Rita Italy discovery of chemical agents that help regulate the growth of cells
1987
chemistry Cram, Donald J. U.S. development of molecules that can link with other molecules
chemistry Lehn, Jean-Marie France development of molecules that can link with other molecules
chemistry Pedersen, Charles J. U.S. development of molecules that can link with other molecules
economics Solow, Robert Merton (Solow, Robert M.) U.S. contributions to the theory of economic growth
literature Brodsky, Joseph U.S. poet, essayist
peace Arias Sánchez, Oscar Costa Rica
physics Bednorz, J. Georg West Germany discovery of new superconducting materials
physics Müller, Karl Alex Switzerland discovery of new superconducting materials
physiology/
medicine Tonegawa Susumu Japan study of genetic aspects of antibodies
1988
chemistry Deisenhofer, Johann West Germany discovery of structure of proteins needed in photosynthesis
chemistry Huber, Robert West Germany discovery of structure of proteins needed in photosynthesis
chemistry Michel, Hartmut West Germany discovery of structure of proteins needed in photosynthesis
economics Allais, Maurice France contributions to the theory of markets and efficient use of resources
literature Mahfouz, Naguib Egypt novelist
physics Lederman, Leon Max U.S. research in subatomic particles
physics Schwartz, Melvin U.S. research in subatomic particles
physics Steinberger, Jack U.S. research in subatomic particles
physiology/
medicine Black, Sir James U.K. development of new classes of drugs for combating disease
physiology/
medicine Elion, Gertrude Belle (Elion, Gertrude B.) U.S. development of new classes of drugs for combating disease
physiology/
medicine Hitchings, George Herbert U.S. development of new classes of drugs for combating disease
1989
chemistry Altman, Sidney U.S. discovery of certain basic properties of RNA
chemistry Cech, Thomas Robert U.S. discovery of certain basic properties of RNA
economics Haavelmo, Trygve Norway development of statistical techniques for economic forecasting
literature Cela, Camilo José Spain novelist
peace Dalai Lama Tibet
physics Dehmelt, Hans Georg U.S. development of methods to isolate atoms and subatomic particles for study
physics Paul, Wolfgang West Germany development of methods to isolate atoms and subatomic particles for study
physics Ramsey, Norman Foster U.S. development of the atomic clock
physiology/
medicine Bishop, J. Michael U.S. study of cancer-causing genes called oncogenes
physiology/
medicine Varmus, Harold U.S. study of cancer-causing genes called oncogenes
1990
chemistry Corey, Elias James U.S. development of retrosynthetic analysis for synthesis of complex molecules
economics Markowitz, Harry M. U.S. study of financial markets and investment decision making
economics Miller, Merton H. U.S. study of financial markets and investment decision making
economics Sharpe, William F. U.S. study of financial markets and investment decision making
literature Paz, Octavio Mexico poet, essayist
peace Gorbachev, Mikhail U.S.S.R.
physics Friedman, Jerome Isaac U.S. discovery of atomic quarks
physics Kendall, Henry Way (Kendall, Henry) U.S. discovery of atomic quarks
physics Taylor, Richard E. Canada discovery of atomic quarks
physiology/
medicine Murray, Joseph E. U.S. development of kidney and bone-marrow transplants
physiology/
medicine Thomas, E. Donnall U.S. development of kidney and bone-marrow transplants
*Nationality given is the citizenship of recipient at the time award was made. Prizes may be withheld or not awarded in years when no worthy recipient can be found or when the world situation (e.g., World Wars I and II) prevents the gathering of information needed to reach a decision.
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Universalium. 2010.

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