Nobel Prize winners by year 7
- Nobel Prize winners by year 7
-
Nobel Prize winners by year (1981–90)
year category name country* achievement literary area
1981
chemistry Fukui Kenichi Japan orbital symmetry interpretation of chemical reactions
chemistry Hoffmann, Roald U.
S.
orbital symmetry interpretation of chemical reactions
economics Tobin, James U.
S.
portfolio selection theory of investment
physics Schawlow,
Arthur Leonard (
Schawlow, Arthur L.)
U.
S.
applications of lasers in spectroscopy
physics Siegbahn, Kai Manne Börje Sweden electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis
physiology/
physiology/
physiology/
1982
chemistry Klug, Aaron U.
K.
determination of structure of biological substances
physiology/
physiology/
physiology/
1983
chemistry Taube, Henry U.
S.
study of electron transfer reactions
economics Debreu, Gerard U.
S.
mathematical proof of supply and demand theory
physics Fowler, William A. U.
S.
contributions to understanding the evolution and devolution of stars
physiology/
1984
physics Meer, Simon van der The Netherlands discovery of subatomic particles W and Z,
which supports the electroweak theory
physics Rubbia, Carlo Italy discovery of subatomic particles W and Z,
which supports the electroweak theory
physiology/
medicine Jerne, Niels K. U.
K.-
Denmark theory and development of a technique for producing monoclonal antibodies
physiology/
medicine Köhler, Georges J.F. West Germany theory and development of a technique for producing monoclonal antibodies
physiology/
medicine Milstein, César Argentina theory and development of a technique for producing monoclonal antibodies
1985
chemistry Hauptman, Herbert A. U.
S.
development of a way to map the chemical structures of small molecules
chemistry Karle, Jerome U.
S.
development of a way to map the chemical structures of small molecules
physics Klitzing, Klaus von West Germany discovery of the quantized Hall effect,
permitting exact measurements of electrical resistance
physiology/
medicine Brown, Michael S. U.
S.
discovery of cell receptors relating to cholesterol metabolism
physiology/
1986
chemistry Lee, Yuan T. U.
S.
development of methods for analyzing basic chemical reactions
chemistry Polanyi, John C. Canada development of methods for analyzing basic chemical reactions
economics Buchanan, James M. U.
S.
public-
choice theory bridging economics and political science
physics Binnig, Gerd West Germany development of special electron microscopes
physics Rohrer, Heinrich Switzerland development of special electron microscopes
physics Ruska, Ernst West Germany development of special electron microscopes
physiology/
medicine Cohen, Stanley U.
S.
discovery of chemical agents that help regulate the growth of cells
physiology/
1987
chemistry Cram, Donald J. U.
S.
development of molecules that can link with other molecules
chemistry Lehn, Jean-Marie France development of molecules that can link with other molecules
economics Solow,
Robert Merton (
Solow, Robert M.)
U.
S.
contributions to the theory of economic growth
physiology/
1988
chemistry Deisenhofer, Johann West Germany discovery of structure of proteins needed in photosynthesis
chemistry Huber, Robert West Germany discovery of structure of proteins needed in photosynthesis
chemistry Michel, Hartmut West Germany discovery of structure of proteins needed in photosynthesis
economics Allais, Maurice France contributions to the theory of markets and efficient use of resources
physiology/
medicine Black, Sir James U.
K.
development of new classes of drugs for combating disease
physiology/
medicine Elion,
Gertrude Belle (
Elion, Gertrude B.)
U.
S.
development of new classes of drugs for combating disease
physiology/
1989
chemistry Altman, Sidney U.
S.
discovery of certain basic properties of RNA
economics Haavelmo, Trygve Norway development of statistical techniques for economic forecasting
physics Dehmelt, Hans Georg U.
S.
development of methods to isolate atoms and subatomic particles for study
physics Paul, Wolfgang West Germany development of methods to isolate atoms and subatomic particles for study
physiology/
physiology/
medicine Varmus, Harold U.
S.
study of cancer-
causing genes called oncogenes
1990
chemistry Corey, Elias James U.
S.
development of retrosynthetic analysis for synthesis of complex molecules
economics Miller, Merton H. U.
S.
study of financial markets and investment decision making
economics Sharpe, William F. U.
S.
study of financial markets and investment decision making
physics Kendall,
Henry Way (
Kendall, Henry)
U.
S.
discovery of atomic quarks
physiology/
physiology/
*Nationality given is the citizenship of recipient at the time award was made. Prizes may be withheld or not awarded in years when no worthy recipient can be found or when the world situation (e.g., World Wars I and II) prevents the gathering of information needed to reach a decision.
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