- Nobel Prize winners by name 2
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▪ TableNobel Prize winners by name (P through R)name year category country* achievement literary areaPalade, George E. 1974 physiology/ medicine U.S. research on structural and functional organization of cellsPamuk, Orhan 2006 literature Turkey novelistPassy, Frédéric 1901 peace FrancePasternak, Boris Leonidovich (declined) 1958 literature U.S.S.R. novelist, poetPaul, Wolfgang 1989 physics West Germany methods to isolate atoms and subatomic particles for studyPauli, Wolfgang 1945 physics Austria discovery of the exclusion principle of electronsPauling, Linus 1954 chemistry U.S. study of the nature of the chemical bondPauling, Linus 1962 peace U.S.Pavlov, Ivan Petrovich 1904 physiology/ medicine Russia work on the physiology of digestionPaz, Octavio 1990 literature Mexico poet, essayistPearson, Lester B. 1957 peace CanadaPedersen, Charles J. 1987 chemistry U.S. development of molecules that can link with other moleculesPenzias, Arno 1978 physics U.S. discovery of cosmic microwave background radiation, providing support for the big-bang theoryPeres, Shimon 1994 peace IsraelPérez Esquivel, Adolfo 1980 peace ArgentinaPerl, Martin Lewis 1995 physics U.S. discovery of the tau subatomic particlePerrin, Jean 1926 physics France work on the discontinuous structure of matterPerutz, Max Ferdinand 1962 chemistry U.K. determination of the structure of hemoproteinsPhelps, Edmund S. 2006 economics U.S. analysis of intertemporal trade-offs in macroeconomic policyPhillips, William D. 1997 physics U.S. process of trapping atoms with laser coolingPinter, Harold 2005 literature U.K. playwrightPirandello, Luigi 1934 literature Italy dramatistPire, Dominique 1958 peace BelgiumPlanck, Max 1918 physics Germany discovery of the elemental quantaPolanyi, John C. 1986 chemistry Canada development of methods for analyzing basic chemical reactionsPolitzer, H. David 2004 physics U.S. discovery of asymptotic freedom in the theory of the strong interactionPontoppidan, Henrik 1917 literature Denmark novelistPople, John A. (Pople, Sir John A.) 1998 chemistry U.K. development of computational methods in quantum chemistryPorter, Sir George (Porter, Sir George, Baron Porter of Luddenham) 1967 chemistry U.K. studies of extremely fast chemical reactionsPorter, Rodney Robert 1972 physiology/ medicine U.K. research on the chemical structure of antibodiesPowell, Cecil Frank 1950 physics U.K. photographic method of studying nuclear processes; discoveries concerning mesonsPregl, Fritz 1923 chemistry Austria method of microanalysis of organic substancesPrelog, Vladimir 1975 chemistry Switzerland work in stereochemistryPrescott, Edward C. 2004 economics U.S. contributions to dynamic macroeconomicsPrigogine, Ilya 1977 chemistry Belgium widening the scope of thermodynamicsProkhorov, Aleksandr Mikhaylovich 1964 physics U.S.S.R. work in quantum electronics leading to construction of instruments based on maser-laser principlesPrusiner, Stanley B. 1997 physiology/ medicine U.S. discovery of the prion, a type of disease-causing proteinPugwash Conferences 1995 peace (founded 1957)Purcell, E.M. 1952 physics U.S. discovery of nuclear magnetic resonance in solidsQuasimodo, Salvatore 1959 literature Italy poetQuidde, Ludwig 1927 peace GermanyRabi, Isidor Isaac 1944 physics U.S. resonance method for registration of various properties of atomic nucleiRabin, Yitzhak 1994 peace IsraelRainwater, James 1975 physics U.S. work on the atomic nucleus that paved the way for nuclear fusionRaman, Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata 1930 physics India work on light diffusion; discovery of the Raman effectRamón y Cajal, Santiago 1906 physiology/ medicine Spain work on the structure of the nervous systemRamos-Horta, José 1996 peace East TimorRamsay, Sir William 1904 chemistry U.K. discovery of inert gas elements and their places in the periodic systemRamsey, Norman Foster 1989 physics U.S. development of the atomic clockRayleigh (of Terling Place), John William Strutt, 3rd Baron (Rayleigh, John William Strutt, 3rd Baron) 1904 physics U.K. discovery of argonReichstein, Tadeus 1950 physiology/ medicine Switzerland research on adrenal cortex hormones, their structure and biological effectsReines, Frederick 1995 physics U.S. discovery of the neutrinoRenault, Louis 1907 peace FranceReymont, Wladyslaw Stanislaw (Reymont, Władysław Stanisław) 1924 literature Poland novelistRichards, Dickinson Woodruff 1956 physiology/ medicine U.S. discoveries concerning heart catheterization and circulatory changesRichards, Theodore William 1914 chemistry U.S. accurate determination of the atomic weights of numerous elementsRichardson, Sir Owen Willans 1928 physics U.K. work on electron emission by hot metalsRichardson, Robert C. 1996 physics U.S. discovery of superfluidity in the isotope helium-3Richet, Charles 1913 physiology/ medicine France work on anaphylaxisRichter, Burton 1976 physics U.S. discovery of a new class of elementary particles (psi, or J)Robbins, Frederick Chapman 1954 physiology/ medicine U.S. cultivation of the poliomyelitis virus in tissue culturesRoberts, Richard J. 1993 physiology/ medicine U.K. discovery of "split," or interrupted, genetic structureRobinson, Sir Robert 1947 chemistry U.K. investigation of alkaloids and other plant productsRodbell, Martin 1994 physiology/ medicine U.S. discovery of cell signalers called G-proteinsRohrer, Heinrich 1986 physics Switzerland development of electron microscopesRolland, Romain 1915 literature France novelistRöntgen, Wilhelm Conrad 1901 physics Germany discovery of X-raysRoosevelt, Theodore 1906 peace U.S.Root, Elihu 1912 peace U.S.Rose, Irwin 2004 chemistry U.S. discovery of ubiquitin-mediated protein degradationRoss, Sir Ronald 1902 physiology/ medicine U.K. discovery of how malaria enters an organismRotblat, Joseph (Rotblat, Sir Joseph) 1995 peace U.K.Rous, Peyton 1966 physiology/ medicine U.S. research on causes and treatment of cancerRowland, F. Sherwood 1995 chemistry U.S. explanation of processes that deplete Earth's ozone layerRubbia, Carlo 1984 physics Italy discovery of subatomic particles W and Z, which supports the electroweak theoryRuska, Ernst 1986 physics West Germany development of electron microscopesRussell, Bertrand 1950 literature U.K. philosopherRutherford, Ernest (Rutherford, Ernest, Baron Rutherford of Nelson, of Cambridge) 1908 chemistry U.K. investigations into the disintegration of elements and the chemistry of radioactive substancesRuzicka, Leopold (Ružička, Leopold) 1939 chemistry Switzerland work on polymethylenes and higher terpenesRyle, Sir Martin 1974 physics U.K. work in radio astronomy*Nationality given is the citizenship of recipient at the time award was made. Prizes may be withheld or not awarded in years when no worthy recipient can be found or when the world situation (e.g., World Wars I and II) prevents the gathering of information needed to reach a decision.TopBack to Nobel Prize winners directorySee as table:
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Universalium. 2010.
