- Nobel Prize winners by name (M through O)
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▪ TableNobel Prize winners by name (M through O)name year category country* achievement literary areaMaathai, Wangari 2004 peace KenyaMacBride, Seán 1974 peace IrelandMacDiarmid, Alan G. 2000 chemistry U.S. discovery of plastics that conduct electricityMacKinnon, Roderick 2003 chemistry U.S. discoveries regarding ion channels in cellsMacleod, J.J.R. 1923 physiology/medicine U.K. discovery of insulinMaeterlinck, Maurice 1911 literature Belgium dramatistMahfouz, Naguib 1988 literature Egypt novelistMandela, Nelson 1993 peace South AfricaMann, Thomas 1929 literature Germany novelistMansfield, Sir Peter 2003 physiology/medicine U.K. development of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)Marconi, Guglielmo 1909 physics Italy development of wireless telegraphyMarcus, Rudolph A. 1992 chemistry U.S. explanation of how electrons transfer between moleculesMarkowitz, Harry M. 1990 economics U.S. study of financial markets and investment decision makingMarshall, Barry J. 2005 physiology/medicine Australia discovery of bacteria's role in peptic ulcer diseaseMarshall, George C. (Marshall, George Catlett) 1953 peace U.S.Martin, A.J.P. 1952 chemistry U.K. development of partition chromatographyMartin du Gard, Roger 1937 literature France novelistMartinson, Harry 1974 literature Sweden novelist, poetMaskawa Toshihide 2008 physics Japan discovery of the origin of the broken symmetry which predicts the existence of at least three families of quarks in natureMaskin, Eric S. 2007 economics U.S. work that laid the foundations of mechanism design theoryMather, John C. 2006 physics U.S. discovery of the blackbody form and anisotropy of the cosmic microwave background radiationMauriac, François 1952 literature France poet, novelist, dramatistMayer, Maria Goeppert 1963 physics U.S. development of the shell model theory of the structure of atomic nucleiMcClintock, Barbara 1983 physiology/medicine U.S. discovery of mobile plant genes that affect heredityMcFadden, Daniel L. 2000 economics U.S. development of methods of statistical analysis of individual and household behaviourMcMillan, Edwin Mattison 1951 chemistry U.S. discovery of and research on transuranium elementsMeade, James Edward 1977 economics U.K. contributions to the theory of international tradeMedawar, Sir Peter B. 1960 physiology/medicine U.K. acquired immunity to tissue transplantsMeer, Simon van der 1984 physics The Netherlands discovery of subatomic particles W and Z, which supports the electroweak theoryMello, Craig C. 2006 physiology/medicine U.S. discovery of RNA interference—gene silencing by double-stranded RNAMenchú, Rigoberta 1992 peace GuatemalaMerrifield, Bruce 1984 chemistry U.S. development of a method of polypeptide synthesisMerton, Robert C. 1997 economics U.S. method for determining the value of stock options and other derivativesMetchnikoff, Élie 1908 physiology/medicine Russia work on immunityMeyerhof, Otto 1922 physiology/medicine Germany work on metabolism of lactic acid in musclesMichel, Hartmut 1988 chemistry West Germany discovery of the structure of proteins needed in photosynthesisMichelson, A.A. 1907 physics U.S. spectroscopic and metrological investigationsMiller, Merton H. 1990 economics U.S. study of financial markets and investment decision makingMillikan, Robert Andrews 1923 physics U.S. work on elementary electric charge and the photoelectric effectMilosz, Czeslaw (Miłosz, Czesław) 1980 literature U.S. poetMilstein, César 1984 physiology/medicine Argentina theory and development of a technique for producing monoclonal antibodiesMinot, George Richards 1934 physiology/medicine U.S. discoveries concerning liver treatment for anemiaMirrlees, James A. 1996 economics U.K. contributions to the theory of incentives under conditions of asymmetric informationMistral, Frédéric 1904 literature France poetMistral, Gabriela 1945 literature Chile poetMitchell, Peter Dennis 1978 chemistry U.K. formulation of a theory of energy-transfer processes in biological systemsModigliani, Franco 1985 economics U.S. analyses of household savings and financial marketsMoissan, Henri 1906 chemistry France isolation of fluorine; introduction of the Moissan furnaceMolina, Mario 1995 chemistry U.S. explanation of processes that deplete Earth's ozone layerMommsen, Theodor 1902 literature Germany historianMoneta, Ernesto Teodoro 1907 peace ItalyMonod, Jacques 1965 physiology/medicine France discoveries concerning regulatory activities of body cellsMontagnier, Luc 2008 physiology/medicine France discovery of human immunodeficiency virusMontale, Eugenio 1975 literature Italy poetMoore, Stanford 1972 chemistry U.S. fundamental contributions to enzyme chemistryMorgan, Thomas Hunt 1933 physiology/medicine U.S. heredity transmission functions of chromosomesMorrison, Toni 1993 literature U.S. novelistMössbauer, Rudolf Ludwig 1961 physics West Germany discovery of the Mössbauer effectMott, John R. 1946 peace U.S.Mott, Sir Nevill F. 1977 physics U.K. contributions to understanding the behaviour of electrons in magnetic, noncrystalline solidsMottelson, Ben R. 1975 physics Denmark work on the atomic nucleus that paved the way for nuclear fusionMuller, Hermann Joseph 1946 physiology/medicine U.S. production of mutations by X-radiationMüller, Karl Alex 1987 physics Switzerland discovery of new superconducting materialsMüller, Paul Hermann 1948 physiology/medicine Switzerland properties of DDTMulliken, Robert Sanderson 1966 chemistry U.S. work concerning chemical bonds and the electronic structure of moleculesMullis, Kary B. 1993 chemistry U.S. invention of techniques for gene study and manipulationMundell, Robert A. 1999 economics Canada analysis of optimum currency areas and of policy under different exchange-rate regimesMurad, Ferid 1998 physiology/medicine U.S. discovery that nitric oxide (NO) acts as a signaling molecule in the cardiovascular systemMurphy, William P. 1934 physiology/medicine U.S. discoveries concerning liver treatment for anemiaMurray, Joseph E. 1990 physiology/medicine U.S. development of kidney and bone marrow transplantsMyerson, Roger B. 2007 economics U.S. work that laid the foundations of mechanism design theoryMyrdal, Alva (Myrdal, Alva Reimer) 1982 peace SwedenMyrdal, Gunnar 1974 economics Sweden pioneering analysis of the interdependence of economic, social, and institutional phenomenaNambu, Yoichiro 2008 physics U.S. discovery of the mechanism of spontaneous broken symmetry in subatomic physicsNansen, Fridtjof 1922 peace NorwayNansen International Office for Refugees 1938 peace (founded 1931)Nash, John F. (Nash, John F., Jr.) 1994 economics U.S. development of game theoryNathans, Daniel 1978 physiology/medicine U.S. discovery and application of enzymes that fragment DNANatta, Giulio 1963 chemistry Italy structure and synthesis of polymers in the field of plasticsNéel, Louis-Eugène-Félix 1970 physics France work in magnetohydrodynamics and in antiferromagnetism and ferrimagnetismNeher, Erwin 1991 physiology/medicine Germany discovery of how cells communicate, as related to diseaseNernst, Walther Hermann 1920 chemistry Germany work in thermochemistryNeruda, Pablo 1971 literature Chile poetNicolle, Charles-Jules-Henri 1928 physiology/medicine France work on typhusNirenberg, Marshall Warren 1968 physiology/medicine U.S. deciphering the genetic codeNoel-Baker (of the City of Derby), Philip John Noel-Baker, Baron (Noel-Baker, Philip John Noel-Baker, Baron) 1959 peace U.K.Norrish, Ronald George Wreyford 1967 chemistry U.K. studies of extremely fast chemical reactionsNorth, Douglass C. 1993 economics U.S. contributions to economic historyNorthrop, John Howard 1946 chemistry U.S. preparation of enzymes and virus proteins in pure formNüsslein-Volhard, Christiane 1995 physiology/medicine Germany identification of genes that control the body's early structural developmentOchoa, Severo 1959 physiology/medicine U.S. work on producing nucleic acids artificiallyOe Kenzaburo (Ōe Kenzaburō) 1994 literature Japan novelistOhlin, Bertil 1977 economics Sweden contributions to the theory of international tradeOlah, George A. 1994 chemistry U.S. development of techniques to study hydrocarbon moleculesO'Neill, Eugene 1936 literature U.S. dramatistOnsager, Lars 1968 chemistry U.S. work on the theory of thermodynamics of irreversible processesOsheroff, Douglas D. 1996 physics U.S. discovery of superfluidity in the isotope helium-3Ossietzky, Carl von 1935 peace GermanyOstwald, Wilhelm 1909 chemistry Germany pioneer work on catalysis, chemical equilibrium, and reaction velocities*Nationality given is the citizenship of recipient at the time award was made. Prizes may be withheld or not awarded in years when no worthy recipient can be found or when the world situation (e.g., World Wars I and II) prevents the gathering of information needed to reach a decision.TopBack to Nobel Prize winners directorySee as table:
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Universalium. 2010.