Notable Civil Engineering Projects 7

▪ Table

Notable Civil Engineering Projects (in work or completed, 1996)

Name Location   Year of 

completion Notes

Airports   Area (ha)      

  Chek Lap Kok ex-Chek Lap Kok Island, Hong Kong 1,248           1997     Artificial island, terminal, bridge, tunnel links

  Sepang International Airport near Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 100           1998     Project includes high-speed rail link to Kuala Lumpur

Aqueducts   Length (m)        

  Great Man-Made River (Phase 2) Sarir/Tazirbu wellfields, Libya 1,670,000           1998     Phase 2: Delivered first water to Tripoli

  Lesotho Highlands Water Project Maluti Mountains, Lesotho-South Africa 82,000           2020     Breakthrough (Phase 1) March 3, six dams

Bridges   Length (main span; m)    

  Akashi Kaikyo Kobe, Japan  1,991           1998     World record (suspension) upon completion

  Great Belt (Storebælt) East Halsskov-Knudshoved, Denmark 1,624           1998     World record (suspension) if completed before Akashi Kaikyo

  Jiangyin Yangtze Jiangsu province, China 1,385           1999     Fourth longest in world (suspension) upon completion

  Tsing Ma Tsing Yi-Ma Wan Isls., Hong Kong 1,377           1997     Cable-spinning finished 1995

  High Coast Västernorrland, Sweden 1,210           1997     Begun 1993, elevation above water 40 m

  Xiling Yangtze Three Gorges Dam, China 900           1996     Part of Three Gorges project

  Tatara (Great) Japan 890           1999     World record (cable-stayed) upon completion

  Humen Humen, China 888           1996     Completed July 10, 1996

  Trans-Tokyo Bay Highway Kisarazu, Japan 590           1997     Includes 10-km tunnel to Kawasaki

  Kobbholet Mager Island, Norway 520           1998     Part of 28.5-km bridge-tunnel link to Norwegian mainland

  Øresund Flinterenden, Denmark-Sweden 492           2000     18-km road/rail tunnel/bridge link

  Severn II (Second Severn Crossing) Severn Estuary, U.K. 456           1996     Opened June 5; U.K. record (cable-stayed)

  Tagus II Lisbon, Portugal 420           1997     Total length 18 km

  Glebe Island Sydney, Australia 345           1996     Australian record (cable-stayed), opened December 2

  Confederation (Northumberland Strait) New Brunswick-Prince Edward Island, Canada 250            1997     250-m single spans, 12.9 km total length

  Kimpo Grand Seoul, South Korea 100            1997     Links Seoul to Kimp'o Int'l Airport

Buildings   Height (m)    

  Chongqing Tower Chongqing, China 457           1997     World record upon completion

  Petronas I and II Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 452           1996     Twin towers, world record

  Jin Mao Shanghai, China 420           1998     Part of Pudong area development

  Shun Hing Square Shenzhen SEZ, China 325           1996     Asian record, January 1996 completion

  Tokyo Opera City Tokyo, Japan  235           1996     Third tallest building in Tokyo

City   Area (ha)    

  Putrajaya near Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 4,400           1998     Planned national capital; government transfer 2000

Dams    Crest length (m)    

  Yacyretá-Apipé Paraná River, Argentina-Paraguay 69,600           1998     Hydroelectric power, navigation, irrigation

  Three Gorges Chang Jiang (Yangtze River), China 1,983           2009     Stage 1: 1993–97; 2: 1998–2003; 3: 2004–09

  Bakun Balui, Bakun Rapids, Malaysia 900           2002     Adverse court decision June 19, 1996

  Longtan Hongshui River, China 800             Pumped storage power facility

  Ertan Yalong River, China 763           1998     Second largest hydroelectric power project in China

  Katse Malibamatso, Lesotho 700           1996     Part of Lesotho Highlands Water Project; see above 

  Tehri Bhagirathi River, India 575           1997     World's sixth highest upon completion

  Xiaolangdi Huang Ho (Yellow River), China   2001     Flood, ice, silt control, irrigation, power

Highway   Length (km)    

  Indus Kotri-Peshawar, Pakistan 1,200           1998     Phases 1 & 2 scheduled to be completed by 1997

Railways   Length (km)    

  Beijing-Kowloon Beijing-Kowloon, China 2,553           1996     Inaugurated Aug. 31, 1996, 150 tunnels, 1,110 bridges

  South Xinjiang Kashi-Korla, China 975           2000     Completes 1,470-km Turpan-Kashi Railway

  Nanning-Kunming Electric Railway Nanning-Kunming, China 898.7           1997     258 tunnels, 447 bridges

  Seoul-Pusan Seoul-Pusan, South Korea 426.2           2002     High-speed; controversy over Kyongju segment

Subways   Length (m)    

  Seoul Metro (extensions) Seoul, South Korea 61,500           1997     Lines 6, 7, 8

  Bangkok: MRTA Red Line (BERTS) Bangkok, Thailand 60,000           1998     Bangkok Elevated Road and Train System

  Pusan Metro (Line 2 extension) Pusan, South Korea 39,100           1996     Phase 1: 22.4 km, phase 2: 16.7 km

  Taegu Metro (Line 1) Taegu, South Korea 27,600           1997     Phase 1 (of 6): 29 stations

  Guangzhou (Canton) Subway: Line 1 Guangzhou, China 18,200           1997     Line 1 (of 3): 16 stations

  London Metro (Jubilee Extension) London, England 15,600           1998     Twin tunnels

  Chongqing Metro: Line 1 Chongqing, China 15,000           1998     Line 2 planned 1996–2000

  Taipei Mucha (Brown) Taipei, Taiwan 10,800           1996     Phase 1 opened March 28, 1996

Towers   Height (m)    

  Kuala Lumpur Tower (Telekom Malays) Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 421           1996     Opened Oct. 1, 1996

  Stratosphere (Vegas World) Tower Las Vegas, Nev., U.S. 350           1996     Hotel and tower opened April 30, 1996 

Tunnels   Length (m)    

  Pinglin Highway near Taipei, Taiwan 12,900           1999     Twin 11.8-m tunnels under Sheuhshan range

  Trans-Tokyo Bay I & II Tokyo, Japan 9,300           1997     Twin tunnels

  FATIMA (Magerøy)  Norway 6,820           1998     World's longest subsea road tunnel

  Øresund Copenhagen-Malmö, Denmark-Sweden 3,750           2000     Twin tunnels: world-record immersed tube

  Huangpu Shanghai, China 2,207           1996     Opened Nov. 30, 1996

  Cumberland Mountain Cumberland Gap, U.S. 1,402           1996     Underground parking garages preserve environment

  Central Artery/Tunnel Boston, Mass., U.S. 330           2004     "One of the most complex construction challenges of this century"

Urban Development         

  Potsdamer Platz Berlin, Germany   2000     19 buildings

See as table:

      1 m = 3.28 ft; 1 km = 0.62 mi; 1 ha = 2.47 ac

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