Notable Civil Engineering Projects 4

▪ Table

Name Location Year of completion Notes

Airports Terminal area (sq m)  

Suvarnabhumi ("Golden Land") near Bangkok, Thai. 563,000 2005 To replace Don Muang Airport—Southeast Asia's busiest airport

Pearson International (new Terminal 1) Toronto, Ont. 340,000 2004 New horseshoe-shaped terminal at Canada's busiest airport

Baiyun ("White Cloud") Int'l (replacement) near Guangzhou (Canton), China 305,000 2004 Main hub airport of south China (excluding Hong Kong)

Munich Int'l (new Terminal 2) northeast of Munich, Ger. 260,000 2003 Opened June 27; Germany's busiest domestic passenger airport as of 2001

Dallas/Fort Worth Int'l (new Terminal D) Irving, Texas 195,000 2005 New international terminal

Heathrow (new Terminal 5) southwest of London, Eng. 70,000 2008 Biggest construction project in the U.K. from 2002

Johannesburg Int'l (new domestic terminal) east of Johannesburg, S.Af. 70,000 2003 Opened Feb. 11; Africa's busiest passenger airport

Bridges Length (main span; m)  

Hangzhou Bay near Jiaxing, China-near Cixi, China 35,600 2008 To be world's longest transoceanic bridge/causeway; begun 2003

I-95 (Woodrow Wilson #2) Alexandria, Va.-Md. suburbs of D.C. 1,852¹ 2005-08 2 bascule spans forming higher inverted V shape for ships; begun 2000

Nancha (1 bridge of 2-section Runyang) Zhenjiang, China (across the Yangtze) 1,490 2005 To be world's third largest (+ China's first major) suspension bridge

Sutong Nantong, China (100 km from Yangtze mouth) 1,088 2008 To be world's longest cable-stayed bridge

Tacoma Narrows (#3) the Narrows of Puget Sound, Tacoma, Wash. 853 2007 Built over collapsed TN #1; longest U.S. suspension bridge since 1964

Alfred Zampa Memorial (Carquinez #3) Crockett, Calif.-Vallejo, Calif. 728 2003 Opened Nov. 8; first major U.S. suspension bridge since 1973

Rion-Antirion near Patrai, Greece (across Gulf of Corinth) 560 2004 To be world's longest cable-stayed bridge (incl. all spans [2,252 m])

Lupu Shanghai, China (across the Huangpu) 550 2003 Opened June 28; world's longest steel-arch bridge

(New) Cooper River Charleston, S.C.-Mt. Pleasant, S.C. 471 2005 To be longest cable-stayed bridge in North America

San Francisco-Oakland Bay (East Span) Yerba Buena Is., Calif.-Oakland, Calif. 385 2007 2-km causeway + world's largest suspension bridge hung from single tower

Millau Viaduct Tarn Gorge, west of Millau, France 342 2005 8 cable-stayed spans; world's highest (270 m) bridge

Sundøy across the Leirfjord, Norway, at 66° N 298 2003 Opened Aug. 9; world's 2nd longest prestressed-concrete girder bridge

Buildings Height (m)  

Taipei 101 (Taipei Financial Center) Taipei, Taiwan 508 2003 If 60-m spire is included, world's tallest building, without spire, 3rd tallest; formal opening, Oct. 2004

Shanghai World Financial Center Shanghai, China 492 2007 Begun 1997, resumed 2003; to be world's 2nd tallest building

Union Square Phase 7 Hong Kong 474 2007 Begun 2002; to be world's 3rd tallest; 16-building complex

Two International Finance Centre Hong Kong 415 2003 Tallest building in Hong Kong and 5th in the world

Eureka Tower Melbourne, Australia 300 2005 To be Australia's 2nd tallest building and tallest residential in world

Mok-dong Hyperion Tower A Seoul, S.Kor. 256 2003 Opened June; tallest building in S.Kor.; #3 residential in world

Torre Mayor (Chapultepec Tower) Mexico City, Mex. 225 2003 Opened June; tallest building in Mexico; advanced seismic engineering

Dams and Hydrologic Projects Crest length (m)  

Three Gorges (end of 2 of 3 phases) west of Yichang, China 1,983 2003 World's largest reservoir (620 km long) began filling June 1

San Roque Multipurpose Agno River, Luzon, Phil. 1,130 2003 Opened in May; irrigation and flood control; highest embankment dam in Asia

Bakun Dam Balui River, Sarawak, Borneo, Malaysia 740 2007 Hydroelectricity to penin. Malaysia via world's longest submarine cable

Mohale (1B; Lesotho Highlands Water Project, Leso. to S.Af. water transfer) Senqunyane River, 100 km SE of Maseru, Lesotho 620 2003 Phase 1B transfer completed Nov. 27; phase 2 postponed

Caruachi (3rd of 5-dam Lower Caroní Development scheme) Caroní River, northern Bolívar, Venez. 360 2003-06 Hydroelectric generation began Feb. 28

Sardar Sarovar (Narmada) Project Narmada River, Madhya Pradesh, India ? 2007 Largest dam of controversial 30-dam project; drinking water for Gujarat

Tucuruí (upgrade) Tocantins River, eastern Pará, Braz. ? 2005 Generating capacity to be doubled; 1st Brazilian Amazon dam (1984)

Highways Length (km)  

Golden Quadrilateral superhighway Mumbai-Chennai-Kolkata-Delhi, India 5,846 2005-07 Upgrade to 4 lanes; Mumbai-Delhi (2005), Delhi-Kolkata (2007)

Highway 1 Kabul-Kandahar-Herat, Afg. 1,000 2005? Begun late 2002; 482-km Kabul-Kandahar section opened Dec. 16, 2003

Egnatia Motorway Igoumenitsa-Kipi, Greece 680 2006 First Greek highway at int'l standards; 76 tunnels, 1,650 bridges

Trans Labrador Highway (Phase II of III) Red Bay-Cartwright, Labrador, Can. 325 2000-08 Phase II opened Sept. 12-13, 2003; first all-season, gravel road

Trans Sahara (Mauritanian route) Nouadhibou-Nouakchott, Mauritania 250 2004? Completes road link between Tangier, Mor., and Senegal

Croatian Motorway (Section III) Bosiljevo-Sveti Rok, Croatia 145 2004 Very difficult terrain; entire motorway (Zagreb-Split) to open 2005

Land Reclamation Diameter (km)  

Palm Jumeirah + Palm Jebel Ali is. in Persian Gulf, near Dubai, U.A.E. 5 2007 Palm-tree shaped ("17 fronds + trunk") islands; ultraexclusive

Railways (Heavy) Length (km)  

Alice Springs-Darwin ("ADrail") Northern Territory, Australia 1,420 2003 Finished Sept. 25; completes rail link (Darwin to Adelaide)

Qinghai-Tibet China: Golmud, Qinghai-Lhasa, Tibet 1,118 2007 World's highest railway (5,072 m at summit); 86% above 4,000 m

Xi'an-Hefei China: Xi'an, Shaanxi-Hefei, Anhui 955 2003 Completed June 18, opens 2004; for economic growth in interior

Ferronorte (extension to Cuiabá) Alto Taquari-Cuiabá, Braz. 525 2005? To promote agricultural exports from Mato Grosso (Braz. interior)

Bothnia Line (Botniabanan) Nyland-Umeå, Swed. 190 2008 Along north Swedish coast; difficult terrain with 25 km of tunnels

Railways (High Speed) Length (km)  

Spanish High Speed (second line) Madrid, Spain, to France (via Barcelona) 719 2007 Opened Oct. 11, 2003; Madrid-Lleida corridor

Korea Train Express (KTX) Seoul-Pusan, S.Kor. 412 2008 Will connect largest and second largest cities; to Taegu by 2004

Taiwan High Speed Taipei-Kaohsiung, Taiwan 345 2005 Links Taiwan's two largest cities along west coast

Italian High Speed (second line) Rome-Naples, Italy 205 2004 Other new lines: Milan-Bologna (2006); Florence-Bologna (2007)

Channel Tunnel Rail Link near Folkestone-central London, Eng. 108 2007 74-km section (Folkestone-north Kent) opened Sept. 16, 2003

Shanghai maglev ("magnetic levitation") Shanghai: city centre-int'l airport 29.9 2002 Inaug. Dec. 31, 2002; no scheduled service as of late 2003

Subways/Metros/Light Rails Length (km)  

Hong Kong Railway (West Rail, phase 1) Western New Territories to Kowloon 30.5 2003 Opened Dec. 20; 11.5 km in tunnels and 13.4 km on viaducts

Guangzhou (Canton) Metro (line 2) Guangzhou, China (north-south line) 23.2 2003 18.3 km opened June 28; 15-line system planned

Los Angeles Metro (Gold Line) Union Station to Pasadena, Calif. 22.0 2003 Opened July 26

Delhi Metro (Line 1) Delhi, India 21.3 2002-04 Delhi's first subway line; 12.8 km operational by Oct. 3, 2003

Bangkok Blue Line north-south line in central Bangkok, Thai. 20.0 2004 Thailand's first underground system

Singapore NorthEast Line Singapore 20.0 2003 Opened June 20; world's first fully automated subway

Hiawatha Light Rail Downtown Minneapolis-Bloomington, Minn. 19.3 2004 Difficult tunneling under M/SP airport in unstable limestone; begun 2001

Shanghai Metro (Line 1 extension) southwest Shanghai 17.2 2003 Opened Nov. 25; "most rapidly expanding metro in world"

Bay Area Rapid Transit (extension) Colma-San Francisco Int'l Airport, Calif. 14.0 2003 Opened June 22; first BART link to SF airport

New York Airtrain (light rail) Kennedy Airport-subways + L.I. Railroad 13.0 2003 Opened Dec. 17; link between Kennedy terminals and Manhattan

Tunnels Length (m)  

Apennine Range tunnels (9) Bologna-Florence, Italy (high-speed railway) 73,400 2007 Begun 1996; longest tunnel, 18.6 km; tunnels to cover 93% of railway

Lötschberg #2 Frutigen-Raron, Switz. 34,577 2007 To be world's 3rd longest rail tunnel; France-Italy link

Guadarrama 50 km north-northwest of Madrid, Spain 28,377 2007 To be world's 4th longest rail tunnel; Valladolid high-speed link

Södra Länken ("Southern Link") part of Stockholm, Swed., ring road 16,600 2004 Complex of underground interchanges

Hsüeh-shan ("Snow Mountain") near Taipei, Taiwan 12,900 2005 To be world's 4th longest road tunnel; Taipei-Ilan expressway link

Westerscheldetunnel ("Western Schelde") Terneuzen-Ellewoutsdijk, Neth. 6,600 2003 Opened March 14; world's longest tunnel in "bored weak soil"

See as table:

      1 m=3.28 ft; 1 km=0.62 mi; 1 ha=2.47 ac

¹Length of each span.

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