Notable Civil Engineering Projects (in work or completed, 2007)

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Notable Civil Engineering Projects (in work or completed, 2007)

Name Location Year of completion Notes

Airports Terminal area (sq m)

Beijing Capital (new Terminal 3) northeast of Beijing 904,000 2007 To be the world’s largest airport terminal

Changi (new Terminal 3) mostly on landfill at eastern tip of Singapore 380,000 2008 New terminal in Asia’s 6th busiest airport in passenger traffic

Tripoli (Tarabulus) International south of Tripoli (Tarabulus), Libya 360,000 2009 360,000 equals total area of 2 new international passenger terminals; new metro/rail links to be constructed

Miami International South (S) and North (N) terminals northwest of central Miami (S) 158,000

(N) 316,000 2007

2010 New South Terminal formally opened Nov. 30, 2007; original terminal is being remodeled and expanded to become the North Terminal

Barcelona International (El Prat)

(South Terminal) southwest of Barcelona 300,000 2009 New second terminal to be located midfield

Berlin-Brandenburg International Schönefeld airport, southeast of Berlin ?

220,000* 2011 Schönefeld to be expanded; other Berlin airports to close in 2008 and 2011, respectively; *gross floor space

Benito Juárez International

(Terminal 2) east of central Mexico City 214,000 2007 Latin America’s largest and busiest airport; Terminal 2 became operational in November 2007; formal opening will be in 2008

Cairo International (new Terminal 3) northeast of Cairo 164,000 2008 Africa’s 2nd busiest airport; will have most technologically advanced airport operational systems at opening

New Doha International (phases 1 and 2) near Doha, Qatar 140,000 2009 Being built on 11 sq mi (28 sq km) of Persian Gulf landfill

New Indianapolis Airport west of Indianapolis 116,000 2008 New midfield terminal to replace old terminal

Heathrow (new Terminal 5 complex) southwest of London 70,000 2008 Biggest construction project in the U.K. from 2002; to include world’s 1st personal rapid transit system and underground links to 2 rail lines

Maktoum International

(new Dubai airport) at Jebel Ali, south of Dubai, U.A.E. ? 2015 World’s largest runway (4.5 km × 50 m), completed in November 2007; to become largest commercial airport in the world

Detroit Metro (North Terminal) near Romulus, Mich. ? 2008 Will be the 2nd new terminal at Detroit Metro in 6 years

Bridges Length (main span; m)

Manifa Causeway in Persian Gulf offshore of Manifa, Saudi Arabia 41 km¹ 2011 Includes 20 km of laterals from main causeway to drilling islands; will enable massive oilfield redevelopment

Hangzhou Bay Transoceanic near Jiaxing, China–near Cixi, China 36 km 2008 S-shaped; to be world’s longest transoceanic bridge/causeway

I-95 (Woodrow Wilson #2; inner span) Alexandria, Va.–Md. suburbs of D.C. 1,852² 2008 2 bascule spans forming wider inverted V shape for ships; outer span opened June 10, 2006

Xihoumen Zhoushan archipelago, China (linking Jintang and Cezi islands) 1,650 2008 To be world’s 2nd longest suspension bridge

Sutong Nantong, China (100 km from Yangtze mouth) 1,088 2008 Cable-stayed bridge to set world records for length of main span, height of main bridge tower, and depth of foundation piers

Stonecutters (Angchuanzhou) Tsing Yi–Sha Tin, Hong Kong 1,018 2009 To be world’s 2nd longest cable-stayed bridge; links container terminals

Tacoma Narrows (#3) the Narrows of Puget Sound, Tacoma, Wash. 853 2007 Built over collapsed TN #1; longest suspension bridge to be built in U.S. since 1964; opened to traffic July 16, 2007

Second Incheon (Inch’on) near Incheon (Inch’on), S.Kor. 800 2009 To be world’s 5th longest cable-stayed bridge

Chaotianmen ("Face the Sky") Chongqing, China (across the Yangtze) 552 2008 To be world’s longest steel arch bridge; designed to resemble the Sydney Harbour Bridge (completed 1932)

John James Audubon New Roads–St. Francisville, La. (across the Mississippi) 483 2010 To be longest cable-stayed bridge in North America

Chenab River between Katra and Laole, Jammu and Kashmir, India 480 2009 To be world’s 5th longest steel arch bridge; bridge will be 359 m above the river, making it the highest railroad bridge in the world

Caiyuanba Chongqing, China (across the Yangtze) 420 2007 Opened Oct. 29, 2007; world’s longest tied arch span

Margaret Hunt Hill Dallas (across the Trinity) 365 2009 Cable-stayed bridge; first of 3 bridges in Dallas to be designed by Santiago Calatrava

Penobscot Narrows the mouth of the Penobscot River, near Bucksport, Maine 354 2007 Fully opened May 7, 2007; 1st bridge to use cable-stayed bridge cradle system; has world’s tallest public bridge observatory (128 m high)

Colorado River Ariz.–Nev. border (just south of Hoover Dam) 323 2010 Final component of Hoover Dam Bypass Project; to be world’s 4th longest concrete arch bridge

Buildings, Observation/Television Towers Height (rooftop; m)

Burj ("Tower") Dubai Dubai, U.A.E. 643 2009 Claimed to be world’s tallest building on July 21, 2007, world’s tallest structure on Sept. 13, 2007; height with spire = c. 818 m

Russia Tower Moscow 612 2012 Construction began Sept. 18, 2007; to be world’s 2nd tallest building upon completion

Guangzhou TV & Sightseeing Tower Guangzhou, China 610 2009 To be world’s tallest observation/television tower; construction to end 2009; formal opening in 2010

Chicago Spire Chicago

● "2,000 ft"

● (609.6 m)

2011 Construction began June 25, 2007; will be North America’s tallest structure and the world’s tallest all-residential building

Freedom Tower New York City

● "1,776 ft"

● (541.3 m)

2011 Construction began April 27, 2006

Shanghai World Financial Center Shanghai 492 2008 Begun 1997, resumed 2003; to be world’s tallest building (to rooftop; in 2008)

Abraj Al Bait Hotel Tower Mecca, Saudi Arabia 485 2008 To be world’s 2nd tallest building (to rooftop; in 2008); height with spire = 595 m; 6 residential/hotel towers to house 65,000 people

International Commerce Centre Hong Kong 484 2010 To be Hong Kong’s tallest (in 2010) and have world’s highest hotel

Dubai Towers Doha Doha, Qatar 400 2009 To be Middle East’s 3rd tallest (in 2009); height with spire = 439 m

East Tower of Federation Tower Moscow 360 2009 To be tallest building in Europe; height with spire = 506 m

Gran Torre Costanera Santiago 300 2010 One of 4 buildings in the Costanera Centre complex; will be tallest building in Latin America (to rooftop)

Dams and Floodgates Crest/embankment length (m)

St. Petersburg Flood Protection Barrier Gulf of Finland embankment, Russia (Gorskaya–Bronka via Kotlin Island) 25,400 2008 To protect city from tidal storm surges; incorporates discharge sluices and navigation channels; begun 1980, halted 1987, resumed 2003

Three Gorges (3rd of 3 phases) west of Yichang, China 2,309 2007 Final stage completed Dec. 21, 2007; created world’s largest reservoir (660 km long) and world’s largest hydroelectric complex by power capacity

Sardar Sarovar (Narmada) Project Narmada River, Madhya Pradesh, India 1,210 2009 Largest dam of controversial 30-dam project; drinking and irrigation water for Gujarat

Merowe (earth core rockfill) Dam on Nile, 350 km north of Khartoum, Sudan 841 2008 To contain 20% of Nile annual flow; to double The Sudan’s power capacity

Bakun Hydroelectric Project Balui River, Sarawak, Malaysia 750 2008 To be largest concrete-faced rockfill dam in the world

Kárahnjúkar Hydropower Project 2 glacial rivers to the northeast of Vatnajökull icecap, Iceland 730 2009 Generation of electricity began Nov. 5, 2007; energy to be used by new aluminum smelter on Iceland’s east coast

Xiluodu (part of Upper Yangtze) 184 km upriver of Yibin, China 698 2015 First of 4-dam scheme that will generate more electricity than Three Gorges

Nam Theun 2 Nam Theun River, central Laos 325 2009 Hydroelectricity to be sold to Thailand

Manuel Piar (Tocoma) (4th of 4-dam Lower Caroní Development scheme) Caroní River, northern Bolívar, Venez. ? 2010 Final unit of world’s 3rd largest hydroelectric complex

Project Moses (flood-protection plan) lagoon openings near Venice — 2011 Rows of 79 20-m-wide submerged gates in 3 lagoon openings will rise in flood conditions; controversial plan was begun in 2003

Highways Length (km)

Interoceanic Highway Iñapari (at Brazilian border)–Ilo/Matarani/San Juan de Marcona, Peru 2,603 2009 To be paved road for Brazilian imports/exports from/to Asia via 3 Peruvian ports

East-West Economic Corridor Danang, Vietnam–Moulmein, Myan. (via Laos and Thailand) 1,450 2008 All-weather gravel road linking the Pacific and Indian oceans; economic development of more remote areas of Southeast Asia expected

East-West Highway (across northern Algeria) Tunisian border (near Annaba)–Algerian border (near Tlemcen) 1,216 2010 To facilitate economic development and trade across North Africa

Highway 1 Kabul–Kandahar–Herat, Afg. 1,048 2008 Final, 556-km Kandahar–Herat section 81% completed by August 2007; remaining section stalled owing to security concerns

Egnatia Motorway Igoumenitsa–Kipoi, Greece 670 2008 First Greek highway at int’l standards; 74 tunnels, 1,650 bridges

Transylvanian Motorway Brasov–Bors, Rom. 415 2013 To link Romania and Hungary and open Transylvania to tourism

Trans-Labrador Highway (phase III) Happy Valley–Goose Bay to Cartwright Junction, Labrador, Can. 250 2009 Final phase of all-weather gravel road through heavily forested wilderness

Land Reclamation Area (sq km)

Palm Jumeirah in Persian Gulf, off Dubai, U.A.E. c. 25 2012 Phase I residence handover began 2006; land of 3 other PG developments was partially to mostly reclaimed in late 2007

Panama Canal Expansion between Panama City and Colón 2014 Groundbreaking Sept. 3, 2007; will include new wider and longer 3-chamber locks

Railways (Heavy) Length (km)

Benguela Railway (rehabilitation; closed 1975–2002) Benguela–Luau, Angola (at DR Congo border) 1,301 2010 Chinese-financed rehabilitation will enable resumption of copper exports from DR Congo and Zambia

Xinqiu–Bayan UI Railway Xinqiu, Liaoning–Bayan UI, Inner Mongolia, China 487 2010 To be important for coal transport; future link to Mongolia expected

North-South Railway (in part) Araguaína, Tocantins–Palmas, Tocantins, Braz. 361 2009 Rail exports of agriculture, forestry, and mineral products from vast area of interior north Brazil expected

Kashmir Railway Udhampur–Baramula, Jammu and Kashmir, India 292 2012 80% bridges or tunnels in mountainous terrain; first 45-km section scheduled to open in February 2008

KATB rail project Baku, Azer.–Kars, Tur. (via Georgia) 258 2010 Caspian Sea to Turkey link, bypassing Armenia; 98 km of new rail, remainder modernized; new transport outlet for Georgia

Bothnia Line (Botniabanan) Nyland–Umeå, Swed. 190 2010 Along north Swedish coast; difficult terrain with 25 km of tunnels

North Luzon railway project Caloocan (north Metro Manila)–Clark international airport, Philippines 84 2011 To accelerate development of central Luzon

Railways (High Speed) Length (km)

Spanish high speed Madrid to France (via Barcelona) 719 2009 Operational to Barcelona suburbs from mid-2007

Turkey high speed Ankara–Istanbul 533 2010 To connect capital with largest city

Eastern France high speed eastern Paris–near Strasbourg 406 2007 Opened June 10, 2007; gives Paris a high-speed link to the major centres of eastern France

Taiwan high speed Hsi-chih–Tso-ying, Taiwan 345 2007 Opened Jan. 5, 2007; links Taiwan’s 2 largest cities (Taipei and Kao-hsiung) along west coast

HSL–Zuid The Hague/Amsterdam–Belgian border 125 2008 Enables high-speed links with Brussels, London, and Paris

Italian high speed Turin–Milan section 125 2009

Beijing–Tianjin high speed Beijing–Tianjin 115 2008 Laying of track completed Dec. 16, 2007; to be completed for 2008 Olympic Games

High Speed 1 (Channel Tunnel rail link) near Folkestone–central London 109 2007 Refurbished St. Pancras station opened Nov. 14, 2007; provides high-speed train travel from London to Paris and Brussels

Gautrain Johannesburg–Pretoria 80 2010 To link the capital with the commercial centre

Subways/Metros/Light Rails Length (km)

Delhi Metro (Phase II) Delhi 118.6 2010 Many extensions/new lines under construction between 2007 and 2010

Shanghai Metro Shanghai 96.0 2007 96.0 = length of 3 new lines (lines 6, 8, and 9) and 2 extensions; all became operational on Dec. 29, 2007

Dubai Metro (Red/Green lines) Dubai, U.A.E. 69.7 2009/2010 To be world’s longest fully automated driverless transport system

Airport Railway Express Incheon (Inch’on) International Airport–Gimpo International Airport, S.Kor. 37.6 2007 Service began March 23, 2007; South Korea’s first private railway

Circle MRT Singapore 33.3 2010 To connect 3 existing MRT lines

Bangalore Metro Bangalore, India 33.0 2011 2 lines to be built; construction began in 2007

Arizona Light Rail Phoenix–Tempe–Mesa 32.2 2008 To be Arizona’s first light-rail system

Beijing Metro (Line 5) Beijing 27.6 2007 Became operational Oct. 7, 2007; first north-south line

Métro d’Alger (Line I) Algiers 16.3 ? Algiers’s 1st metro; 1st 9-km section to open in 2008

Toulouse Metro (Line B) Toulouse, France 15.0 2007 Opened June 30, 2007; all underground

Budapest Metro (Line 4) Budapest 10.5 2010 First southwest-to-northeast line

North–South Line Amsterdam 9.8 2013 Links north Amsterdam and South railway station via the central city; risky excavation in waterlogged soil under historic buildings

Tunnels Length (m)

Apennine Range tunnels (9) Bologna–Florence (high-speed railway) 73,400 2008 Longest tunnel (Vaglia, 18.6 km); tunnels to cover 93% of railway

Lötschberg #2 Frutigen–Raron, Switz. 34,577 2007 Opened June 15, 2007, for freight traffic and Dec. 9, 2007, for passengers; world’s 3rd longest rail tunnel

Guadarrama 50 km north-northwest of Madrid 28,377 2007 Opened March 30, 2007; contains Valladolid high-speed link

Zhongnanshan Qingshan–Shangluo, China 18,040 2007 Opened Jan. 20, 2007; Asia’s longest road tunnel and 2nd longest road tunnel in the world

East and West tunnels of A86 ring road western outskirts of Paris 10,000/7,500 2008 Two tunnels under Versailles and nearby protected woodlands

Eiksund Ørstan–Hareid, Nor. 7,797 2007 Breakthrough Feb. 1, 2007; to be world’s deepest underwater tunnel (287 m under water surface)

Miscellaneous Length (km)

East Africa Submarine Cable System western Indian Ocean between South Africa and The Sudan 13,700 2009 To be 1st underwater fibre-optic cable in Indian Ocean, providing Internet and communications services to 250 million people in Africa

Svalbard Global Seed Vault near Longyearbyen, Spitsbergen, in the Norwegian Arctic — 2008 1,000 km south of the North Pole; capable of storing 3 million types of seeds in perpetuity and guarding them against disease, war, and other catastrophes; to open February 2008

Langeled (natural gas) pipeline Nyhamna, Nor.–Easington, Eng. 1,200 2007 Opened Oct. 6, 2007; world’s longest underwater pipeline (850–1,100 m deep)

Dolphin (natural gas) pipeline Ras Laffan, Qatar–Taweelah, U.A.E. 364 2008 Began shipping natural gas from Qatar’s North Field to U.A.E. in July 2007; full opening to take place in early 2008

● 1 m = 3.28 ft; 1 km = 0.62 mi

● ¹Length of entire causeway.

● ²Length of each span.

See as table:

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