Notable Civil Engineering Projects 6

▪ Table

Name Location Year of completion Notes

Airports Terminal area (sq m)  

Detroit Metro (new McNamara Terminal) Romulus, Mich. 610,000 2002 Hub for Northwest Airlines; opened February 24

Suvarnabhumi ("Golden Land") near Bangkok, Thai. 563,000 2005 To replace Don Muang Airport—Southeast Asia's busiest airport

Pearson International Toronto, Ont. 332,000 2003 New horseshoe-shaped terminal at Canada's busiest airport

Baiyun ("White Cloud") Int'l (replacement) near Guangzhou (Canton), China 300,000 2003 Main hub airport of south China (excluding Hong Kong)

Munich Int'l (new Terminal 2) northeast of Munich, Ger. 260,000 2003 Germany's busiest domestic passenger airport as of 2001

Dallas/Fort Worth Int'l (new Terminal D) Irving, Texas 195,000 2005 New international terminal

Bridges Length (main span; m)  

I-95 (Woodrow Wilson #2) Alexandria, Va.-Md. suburbs of D.C. 1,852¹ 2007 2 bascule spans forming higher inverted v-shape for ships; begun 2000

Nancha (1 bridge of 2-section Runyang) Zhenjiang, China (across the Chang Jiang [Yangtze]) 1,490 2005 To be world's third largest suspension bridge

Alfred Zampa Memorial (Carquinez #3) Crockett, Calif.-Vallejo, Calif. 728 2003 Begun 2000; first major U.S. suspension bridge since 1973

Rion-Antirion near Patrai, Greece (across Gulf of Corinth) 560 2004 To be world's longest cable-stayed bridge (incl. all spans)

Lupu Shanghai, China (across the Huangpu) 550 2003 World's longest steel-arch bridge; spans linked October 7

new US 82 (Greenville #2) Greenville, Miss.-Lake Village, Ark. 420 2006 To be longest cable-stayed bridge in U.S.

San Francisco-Oakland Bay (East Span) Yerba Buena Is., Calif.-Oakland, Calif. 385 2006 2-km causeway + world's largest suspension bridge hung from single tower

William Natcher Rockport, Ind.-near Owensboro, Ky. 366 2002 Longest cable-stayed bridge over U.S. inland waterway; opened October 21

Rosario-Victoria Rosario to Victoria, Arg. 350 2002 Bridges/viaducts across 59-km-wide Paraná wetlands

Millau Viaduct Tarn Gorge, west of Millau, France 342 2005 7 cable-stayed spans; world's highest (270 m) road viaduct

Leonard P. Zakim Bunker Hill Boston, Mass. 227 2002 Widest (56 m) cable-stayed bridge in world; dedicated October 3-6

Buildings Height (m)  

Taipei 101 (Taipei Financial Center) Taipei, Taiwan 448 2004 Begun 1999; will be world's second tallest building to rooftop (+ spire, 508 m)

Two International Finance Centre Hong Kong 412 2003 Begun 2000; to be world's fourth tallest building

Kingdom Centre Riyadh, Saudi Arabia 296 2002 Tallest building in Saudi Arabia; #29 in the world

Mok-dong Hyperion Tower A Seoul, S.Kor. 256 2003 Will be tallest building in South Korea; #3 all-residential in world

Torre Generali Panama City, Panama 250 2003 Begun mid-2000; will be Latin America's tallest building (+ spire, 318 m)

Torre Mayor Mexico City, Mex. 225 2003 Will be tallest building in Mexico

Esplanade—Theatres on the Bay Singapore   2002 Has 2 unique spiked domes; opened October 12

Dams and Hydrological Projects Crest length (m)  

Three Gorges west of Yichang, China 1,983 2009 World's largest hydroelectric project; third (final) phase from November 2002

San Roque Multipurpose Agno River, Luzon, Phil. 1,100 2003 Irrigation and flood control; tallest earth-and-rock fill dam in Asia

Bakun Dam Balui River, Sarawak, Borneo, Malaysia 740 2007 Hydroelectricity to peninsular Malaysia via world's longest submarine cable

Mohale (Lesotho Highlands Water Project, Leso. to S.Af. water transfer) Senqunyane River, 100 km SE of Maseru, Lesotho 700 2003 Filling of Mohale Reservoir began October 29

Sardar Sarovar Project Narmada River, Madhya Pradesh, India ? ? Largest dam of controversial 30-dam project; to benefit Gujarat state

Alqueva Dam Guadiana River, 180 km SE of Lisbon, Port. ? 2002 Creates Europe's largest (250 sq km) reservoir; gates closed February 8

Sheikh Zayed into bedrock of Lake Nasser, Egypt (72 km) NA² 2002 To feed irrigation systems for southern desert valleys; opened December

Davis (holding) Pond south of Mississippi River, 37 km upriver from New Orleans, La. (36 sq km) NA² 2002 World's largest freshwater diversion project; replenishes 31,000 sq km wetlands area with controlled seasonal flooding; opened March 26

Highways Length (km)  

Golden Quadrilateral superhighway Mumbai-Chennai-Kolkata-Delhi, India 5,846 2004 Upgraded to 4 or 6 lanes; includes town bypasses and service roads

Indus Highway Karachi-Peshawar, Pak. 1,265 2003 59% complete as of September 2001

Highway 1 Kabul-Kandahar-Herat, Afg. 1,000 2005 Reconstruction paid for by U.S., Saudi Arabia, and Japan; begun November

Egnatia Motorway Igoumenitsa-Thessaloniki, Greece 680 2006 First Greek highway at modern int'l standards; 69 tunnels

Croatian Motorway (Section III) Bosiljevo-Sveti Rok, Croatia 145 2004 Built through mountainous terrain with unstable slopes, caverns, and unexploded ordnance

Railways (Heavy) Length (km)  

Alice Springs-Darwin ("ADrail") Alice Springs-Darwin, Australia 1,420 2004 Completes north-south rail link ("Darwin to Adelaide"); begun 2001

Qinghai-Tibet Golmud, Qinghai, China-Lhasa, Tibet 1,118 2007 Highest world railway (5,072 m at summit); half of the line travels across permafrost

Xi'an-Hefei Xi'an-Hefei, China 954 2005 To promote economic growth in interior provinces; begun 2000

Ferronorte (extension to Cuiabá) Alto Taquari-Cuiabá, Braz. 525 2005 To promote exports from Mato Grosso (Brazilian interior)

Alameda Corridor (incl. 16-km trench) Long Beach/L.A. ports-downtown L.A., Calif. 32 2002 Consolidated corridor for streamlined cargo handling; begun 1997

Railways (High Speed) Length (km)  

Spanish High Speed (second line) Madrid-Barcelona, Spain (extension to Figueras) 855 2005 Madrid-Lleida corridor to be completed in 2003

Taiwan High Speed Taipei-Kaohsiung, Taiwan 326 2005 Links Taiwan's two largest cities along west coast

Kyongbu (phase 1) Seoul-Taegu, S.Kor. 323 2004 Connects largest and third largest cities

Italian High Speed (second line) Rome-Naples, Italy 222 2004 Begun 1994; part of planned 1,300-km high-speed network

German High Speed (third line) Frankfurt-Cologne, Ger. 219 2002 Connects Cologne to Frankfurt International Airport; opened August 1

Shanghai maglev ("magnetic levitation") Pudong International Airport-financial district, Shanghai, China 29.9 2003 World's first maglev train for public use; 430 km/hr on metro line 2

Subways/Metros/Light Rails Length (km)  

Oporto Light Rail Oporto, Port. 70.0 2002-04 Europe's largest total rail system project; some regular service from December 7

Hong Kong Railway (West Rail, phase 1) Western New Territories to Kowloon, Hong Kong 30.3 2003 11.5 km in tunnels and 13.4 km on viaducts

Guangzhou (Canton) Metro (line 2) Guangzhou, China (north-south line) 23.2 2003 Begun 1999; 34.7-km line 3 to be built 2003-07

Los Angeles Metro (Gold Line) L.A. Union Station to Pasadena, Calif. 22.0 2003  

Copenhagen Metro Copenhagen, Den. 21.0 2002-07 Line 1: opened October 19; largest driverless system in world

Hiawatha Light Rail Downtown Minneapolis-Bloomington, Minn. 18.7 2004 Difficult tunneling under M/SP airport in unstable limestone; begun 2001

Tren Urbano (phase 1) San Juan, P.R. 17.2 2003 Service links Bayamón (western suburbs) to north San Juan; 60% elevated

New York Airtrain (light rail) N.Y. Kennedy Airport-subways + L.I. Railroad 13.5 2003 Enables direct links between Kennedy terminals and Manhattan

Tunnels Length (m)  

Apennine Range tunnels (9) Bologna-Florence, Italy (high-speed railway) 73,400 2007 Begun 1996; longest tunnel, 18.6 km; tunnels to cover 93% of railway

Lötschberg #2 Frutigen-Raron, Switz. 34,800 2007 To be world's 3rd longest rail tunnel; France-Italy link

Iwate Ichinohe Morioka-Hachinohe, Japan 25,810 2002 World's 3rd longest rail tunnel; used by bullet train from Dec. 1

A86 Ring Road around Paris, France 17,700 2004-08 Two tunnels (to east [10,100 m], to west [7,600 m])

Södra Länken ("Southern Link") part of Stockholm, Sweden, ring road 16,600 2004 Complex underground interchanges

Hsüeh-shan ("Snow Mountain") near Taipei, Taiwan 12,900 2004 To be world's 4th longest road tunnel; Taipei-I-lan expressway link

Westerscheldetunnel ("Western Schelde") Terneuzen to Ellewoutsdijk, Neth. 6,600 2003 Longest world tunnel in "bored weak soil"

Vestmannasund Subsea Tunnel Streym (Streymoy) and Vágar islands, Faroe Is. 4,940 2002 First subsea tunnel in the Faroe Islands

See as table:

      1 m=3.28 ft; 1 km=0.62 mi; 1 ha=2.47 ac

¹Length of each span.

²Not applicable.

* * *