Theorell, Axel Hugo Teodor
- Theorell, Axel Hugo Teodor
-
▪ Swedish biochemist
born July 6, 1903, Linköping, Sweden
died Aug. 15, 1982, Stockholm
Swedish biochemist whose study of enzymes (
enzyme) that facilitate oxidation reactions in living cells contributed to the understanding of enzyme action and led to the discovery of the ways in which nutrients are used by organisms in the presence of oxygen to produce usable energy. Theorell won the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1955.
While serving as an assistant professor of biochemistry at Uppsala University (1932–33; 1935–36), Theorell was the first to isolate crystalline myoglobin, an oxygen-carrying protein found in red muscle (1932). At the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute (now Max Planck Institute),
Berlin (1933–35), he worked with Otto Warburg (
Warburg, Otto) in isolating from yeast a pure sample of the “old yellow enzyme,” which is instrumental in the oxidative interconversion of sugars by the cell. Theorell found that the enzyme is composed of two parts: a nonprotein coenzyme—the yellow riboflavine (
vitamin B
2) phosphate—and a protein apoenzyme. His discovery (1934) that the coenzyme actively facilitates oxidation of the sugar glucose by binding a hydrogen atom at a specific site on the riboflavin molecule marked the first time that the effect of an enzyme was attributed to the chemical activity of specific atoms.
As director of the biochemical department of the Nobel Medical Institute, Stockholm (1937–70), Theorell studied the oxidative enzyme cytochrome c, determining the precise nature of the chemical linkage between the iron-bearing, nonprotein porphyrin portion and the apoenzyme. His investigation of the hydrogen-transfer enzyme, alcohol dehydrogenase, led to the development of sensitive blood tests that have found wide application in the determination of legal definitions of intoxication. Besides the Nobel Prize, Theorell received a number of awards and honours. He also served as president of the Swedish Royal Academy of Science and International Union of Biochemistry.
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Universalium.
2010.
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Theorell , Axel Hugo Teodor — (1903–1982) Swedish biochemist Theorell, who was born at Linköping in Sweden, received his MD from the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm in 1930. However, he did not pursue a career in medicine because of a polio attack. Instead, he became… … Scientists
Theorell — (izg. teurȅl), Axel Hugo Teodor (1903 1982) DEFINICIJA švedski biokemičar; proučavanjem fermenata koji olakšavaju reakcije u živim stanicama pridonio razumijevanju djelovanja fermenata i doveo do otkrića kako organizmi koriste hranu u prisustvu… … Hrvatski jezični portal
Theorell — /tay oh rddel /, n. Axel Hugo Teodor /ahk seuhl hooh goh te oh dawrdd /, 1903 82, Swedish biochemist: Nobel prize for medicine 1955. * * * … Universalium
Theorell — /tay oh rddel /, n. Axel Hugo Teodor /ahk seuhl hooh goh te oh dawrdd /, 1903 82, Swedish biochemist: Nobel prize for medicine 1955 … Useful english dictionary
Nobel Prize winners by name — ▪ Table Nobel Prize winners by name A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W Y Z A name year category country* achievement literary area Abrikosov, Alexey A. 2003 physics U.S. discoveries… … Universalium
Nobel Prize winners by year — ▪ Table Nobel Prize winners by year 1901–10 1941–50 1981–90 1911–20 1951–60 1991–2000 1921–30 1961–70 2001–08 1931–40 1971–80 1901–10 year category name country* achievement literary area 1901 chemistry Henricus van t (Hoff, Jacobus Henricus van… … Universalium
Nobel Prize winners by category (physiology or medicine) — ▪ Table Nobel Prize winners by category (physiology or medicine) year name country* achievement 1901 Behring, Emil von Germany work on serum therapy 1902 Ross, Sir Ronald U.K. discovery of how malaria enters an organism 1903 Finsen, Niels Ryberg… … Universalium
Nobel Prize winners by name (S through U) — ▪ Table Nobel Prize winners by name (S through U) name year category country* achievement literary area Saavedra Lamas, Carlos 1936 peace Argentina Sabatier, Paul 1912 chemistry France method of hydrogenating organic compounds Sachs, Nelly 1966… … Universalium
Nobel Prize winners by year 10 — ▪ Table Nobel Prize winners by year (1951–60) year category name country* achievement literary area 1951 chemistry McMillan, Edwin Mattison U.S. discovery of and research on transuranium elements chemistry Seaborg, Glenn T. U.S. discovery of and… … Universalium
Теорелль, Аксель Хуго Теодор — Аксель Хуго Теодор Теорелль (швед. Axel Hugo Teodor Theorell) (6 июля 1903, Линчёпинг 15 августа 1982) … Википедия
