Abiola, Moshood Kashimawo Olawale

▪ 1999

      Nigerian executive, financier, and politician (b. Aug. 24, 1937, Abeokuta, Nigeria—d. July 7, 1998, Abuja, Nigeria), was one of the richest magnates in Africa and popularly regarded as the leader of the pro-democracy movement in Nigeria. He had been imprisoned since 1994 after winning the 1993 presidential election. Abiola, who was born in poverty, attended the University of Glasgow, Scot., on scholarship. He became an accountant for ITT Nigeria in 1968; by 1971 he was its chief executive and chairman, posts he held until 1988. During that time he amassed an immense private fortune and became owner of a publishing house, a newspaper syndicate, and an airline. With his luxurious, flamboyant lifestyle—which included marrying more wives (21 at the time of his death) than sanctioned by Islam—Abiola became a popular public figure; he also made generous donations for building schools. After decades of nearly uninterrupted military rule, democratic elections were held in Nigeria in 1993. Abiola, running as the presidential candidate of the Social Democratic Party, won almost 60% of the vote. The ruling junta, threatened by Abiola's popularity, annulled the election at the instigation of Gen. Ibrahim Babangida. This provoked a political crisis that remained unresolved. Abiola agitated publicly for the presidency he had won, which led to his 1994 arrest on a charge of treason. During his imprisonment Abiola was deprived of outside news and subjected to solitary confinement and abuse that included negligent medical care. His release seemed imminent following the death of Gen. Sani Abacha (Abacha, Sani ) (q.v.) in June 1998 and a visit to Nigeria by UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan made largely on Abiola's behalf. However, Abiola died suddenly under mysterious circumstances, arousing suspicions of foul play. Although heart attack was officially declared to be the cause of death, that conclusion was greeted with skepticism by many.

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