Haymarket Riot

Haymarket Riot
(May 4, 1886) Violent confrontation between police and labour protesters in Chicago that dramatized the labour movement's struggle for recognition.

Radical unionists had called a mass meeting in Haymarket Square to protest police brutality in a strike action. A bomb was thrown into the crowd, killing seven policemen and injuring 60 others. Police and workers fired on each other. Public demand for action led to the arrest of eight anarchists (see anarchism). Convicted of conspiracy to murder, they were sentenced to death; four were executed and one committed suicide. In 1893 the three survivors were pardoned by Illinois Gov. John Peter Altgeld.

* * *

▪ United States history
      violent confrontation between police and labour protesters in Chicago on May 4, 1886, that dramatized the labour movement's struggle for recognition in the United States.

      On May 3, one person was killed and several were injured as police intervened to protect strikebreakers from strikers during a union action at the McCormick Harvesting Machine Company that was part of a larger campaign to secure an eight-hour workday (labour, hours of). To protest police brutality, radicals held a mass meeting the next day in Haymarket Square. The meeting remained peaceful until police attempted to disperse it, whereupon a bomb was thrown by an individual never positively identified. Seven policemen were killed and 60 others were injured before the violence ended.

      Amid the panic (collective behaviour) that followed the resulting riot, August Spies and seven other alleged anarchist (anarchism) labour leaders were convicted of murder on the grounds that they had conspired with or aided an unknown assailant. Many of the eight arrested, however, were not even present at the May 4 event, and their alleged involvement was never proved. Nevertheless, Spies and three other defendants were hanged on November 11, 1887, while another committed suicide. The surviving three were pardoned in 1893 by Illinois Governor John Peter Altgeld (Altgeld, John Peter)—an action widely condemned by industrialists but applauded by labour reformers.

      The Haymarket Riot had a lasting effect on the labour movement in the United States. The Knights of Labor (KOL), at the time the largest and most successful union organization in America, was blamed for the riot. While the KOL also had sought an eight-hour day and had called several strikes (strike) to achieve the goal, its involvement in the riot could not be proved. Public distrust, however, caused many KOL locals to join the newly formed and less-radical American Federation of Labor (American Federation of Labor–Congress of Industrial Organizations).

* * *


Universalium. 2010.

Игры ⚽ Нужна курсовая?

Look at other dictionaries:

  • Haymarket Riot — Haymarket Martyr s Memorial auf dem Waldheim Friedhof, Chicago Am 1. Mai 1886 begann in Chicago (Illinois, USA) ein mehrtägiger, von den Gewerkschaften organisierter Streik, um eine Reduzierung der täglichen Arbeitszeit von zwölf auf acht Stunden …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Haymarket Riot (band) — Infobox musical artist Name = Haymarket Riot Img capt = Img size = Landscape = Background = group or band Birth name = Alias = Born = Died = Origin = Chicago, Illinois Instrument = Voice type = Genre = Post Punk, Rock Occupation = Years active =… …   Wikipedia

  • Haymarket Riot — The violent result in deaths and serious injuries, sometimes attributed to anarchists, of a demonstration by the forces of labor at Hay market Square in Chicago, Illinois, March 4, 1886 …   Ballentine's law dictionary

  • Haymarket affair — Haymarket bombing redirects here. For the 2007 car bombs in London, see 2007 London car bombs. Haymarket Martyrs Monument U.S. National Register of Historic Places …   Wikipedia

  • Haymarket — steht für einen Straßenzug in London in der Nähe des Piccadilly Circus, siehe Haymarket (Straße) einen Stadtteil von Edinburgh, siehe Haymarket (Edinburgh) den dortigen Fernbahnhof, siehe Bahnhof Edinburgh Haymarket das Londoner Theatre Royal… …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Haymarket Square — [hā′mär΄kit] square in Chicago: site of a battle between police & workmen (Haymarket Riot) on May 4, 1886, following a demonstration for the eight hour workday …   English World dictionary

  • Haymarket Affair — Gedenktafel auf dem Waldheim Friedhof in Chicago (1987). Dort sind Lingg, Spies, Fischer, Engel und Parsons begraben. Am 1. Mai 1886 begann in Chicago (Illinois, USA) ein mehrtägiger, von den Gewerkschaften organisierter Streik, um eine… …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Haymarket Massacre — Gedenktafel auf dem Waldheim Friedhof in Chicago (1987). Dort sind Lingg, Spies, Fischer, Engel und Parsons begraben. Am 1. Mai 1886 begann in Chicago (Illinois, USA) ein mehrtägiger, von den Gewerkschaften organisierter Streik, um eine… …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Haymarket Riots — Gedenktafel auf dem Waldheim Friedhof in Chicago (1987). Dort sind Lingg, Spies, Fischer, Engel und Parsons begraben. Am 1. Mai 1886 begann in Chicago (Illinois, USA) ein mehrtägiger, von den Gewerkschaften organisierter Streik, um eine… …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Haymarket Books — This article is about the US publisher, which should not be confused with Haymarket Cafe Books, a worker owned co operative bookstore and anarchist infoshop located in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. Haymarket Books is a non profit left wing book… …   Wikipedia

Share the article and excerpts

Direct link
Do a right-click on the link above
and select “Copy Link”