adjustment

adjustment
—adjustmental /euh just men"tl/, adj.
/euh just"meuhnt/, n.
1. the act of adjusting; adaptation to a particular condition, position, or purpose.
2. the state of being adjusted; orderly relation of parts or elements.
3. a device, as a knob or lever, for adjusting: the adjustments on a television set.
4. the act of bringing something into conformity with external requirements: the adjustment of one's view of reality.
5. harmony achieved by modification or change of a position: They worked out an adjustment of their conflicting ideas.
6. Sociol. a process of modifying, adapting, or altering individual or collective patterns of behavior so as to bring them into conformity with other such patterns, as with those provided by a cultural environment.
7. Insurance. the act of ascertaining the amount of indemnity that the party insured is entitled to receive under the policy, and of settling the claim.
8. a settlement of a disputed account or claim.
9. a change or concession, as in price or other terms, in view of minor defect or the like.
[1635-45; ADJUST + -MENT]

* * *

      in psychology, the behavioral process by which humans (human behaviour) and other animals (animal behaviour) maintain an equilibrium among their various needs or between their needs and the obstacles of their environments. A sequence of adjustment begins when a need is felt and ends when it is satisfied. Hungry people, for example, are stimulated by their physiological state to seek food. When they eat, they reduce the stimulating condition that impelled them to activity, and they are thereby adjusted to this particular need.

      In general, the adjustment process involves four parts: (1) a need or motive in the form of a strong persistent stimulus, (2) the thwarting or nonfulfillment of this need, (3) varied activity, or exploratory behaviour accompanied by problem solving, and (4) some response that removes or at least reduces the initiating stimulus and completes the adjustment.

      Social and cultural adjustments are similar to physiological adjustments. People strive to be comfortable in their surroundings and to have their psychological needs (such as love or affirmation) met through the social networks they inhabit. When needs arise, especially in new or changed surroundings, they impel interpersonal activity meant to satisfy those needs. In this way, people increase their familiarity and comfort with their environments, and they come to expect that their needs will be met in the future through their social networks. Ongoing difficulties in social and cultural adjustment may be accompanied by anxiety or depression.

* * *


Universalium. 2010.

Игры ⚽ Нужна курсовая?
Synonyms:
, , , , , / , , , , , / , , , , , / , , , , ,


Look at other dictionaries:

  • adjustment — ad‧just‧ment [əˈdʒʌstmənt] noun [countable, uncountable] 1. a change that is made to something in order to correct or improve it: • We have made an adjustment to our target. • Grants are to be slashed by 33%, after adjustment for inflation. ˌcost …   Financial and business terms

  • adjustment — I noun abatement of differences, accommodatio, accommodation, accord, accordance, adaptation, agreement, arrangement, attunement, bargain, binding agreement, coaptation, compact, composition, compromise, concurrence, conformance, conformation,… …   Law dictionary

  • Adjustment — Ad*just ment ( ment), n. [Cf. F. ajustement. See {Adjust}.] 1. The act of adjusting, or condition of being adjusted; act of bringing into proper relations; regulation. [1913 Webster] Success depends on the nicest and minutest adjustment of the… …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

  • adjustment — [n1] adaptation acclimation, acclimatization, alteration, arrangement, balancing, conformance, correcting, fitting, fixing, improvement, mending, modification, ordering, organization, organizing, orientation, readjustment, redress, regulating,… …   New thesaurus

  • adjustment — [ə just′mənt] n. 1. an adjusting or being adjusted 2. a means or device by which parts are adjusted to one another [the adjustment on a micrometer] 3. the settlement of how much is to be paid in cases of loss or claim, as by insurance 4. a… …   English World dictionary

  • Adjustment — (from late Latin ad juxtare , derived from juxta , near, but early confounded with a supposed derivation from Justus , right), regulating, adapting or settling; in commercial law, the settlement of a loss incurred on insured goods. The… …   Wikipedia

  • Adjustment — (engl., spr. adjoßtment), die Bestimmung des von einem Versicherten erlittenen Seeschadens od. Verlustes …   Pierer's Universal-Lexikon

  • adjustment — (n.) 1640s, from Fr. ajustement or else a native formation from ADJUST (Cf. adjust) (v.) + MENT (Cf. ment) …   Etymology dictionary

  • adjustment — noun 1 small change made ADJECTIVE ▪ delicate, fine, minor, slight, small ▪ important, major, significant ▪ …   Collocations dictionary

  • adjustment — n. 1) to make an adjustment 2) an adjustment in, of (an adjustment in/of his salary; an adjustment of the brakes) 3) an adjustment to (an adjustment to a new environment) * * * [ə dʒʌstmənt] of (an adjustment in/of his salary; an adjustment of… …   Combinatory dictionary

  • adjustment — ad|just|ment [əˈdʒʌstmənt] n [U and C] 1.) a small change made to a machine, system, or calculation adjustment for ▪ Once we make the adjustments for inflation, the fall in interest rates is quite small. adjustment to ▪ a slight adjustment to the …   Dictionary of contemporary English

Share the article and excerpts

Direct link
… Do a right-click on the link above
and select “Copy Link”