stā-

To stand; with derivatives meaning “place or thing that is standing.” Oldest form *steə₂-, colored to *staə₂-, contracted to *stā-.

Derivatives include steed, stud², arrest, instant, understand, static, prostitute, insist, ecstasy, and system.

I. Basic form *stā-.

1. Extended form *stādh-.

a. steed, from Old English stēda, stallion, studhorse (< “place for breeding horses”), from Germanic *stōd-jōn-;

b. stud², from Old English stōd, establishment for breeding horses, from Germanic *stōdō.

2. Suffixed form *stā-lo-.

a. stool, from Old English stōl, stool;

b. Germanic compound *faldistōlaz (see pel-²). Both a and b from Germanic *stōlaz.

3. estancia, stage, stance, stanch¹, stanchion, stanza, stative, stator, stay¹, stet; arrest, circumstance, constant, contrast, cost, distant, extant, instant, obstacle, obstetric, oust, rest², restharrow, restive, substance, from Latin stāre, to stand.

4. Suffixed form *stā-men-. etamine, stamen, stammel, from Latin stāmen, thread of the warp (a technical term).

5. Suffixed form *stā-mon-. penstemon, from Greek stēmōn, thread.

6. Suffixed form *stā-ro-. starets, from Old Church Slavonic starŭ, old (“long-standing”).

II. Zero-grade form *stə- (before consonants).

1. Nasalized extended form *stə-n-t-.

a. stand, from Old English standan, to stand;

b. understand, from Old English understandan, to know, stand under (under-, under-; see n̥dher-);

c. standard, from Frankish *standan, to stand;

d. stound, from Old English stund, a fixed time, while, from secondary zero-grade form in Germanic *stund-ō. a-d all from Germanic *standan.

2. Suffixed form *stə-tyo-. stithy, from Old Norse stedhi, anvil, from Germanic *stathjōn-.

3. Suffixed form *stə-tlo-. staddle, stall², starling²; stalwart, from Old English stathol, foundation, from Germanic *stathlaz.

4. Suffixed form *stə-mno-.

a.

(i) stem¹, from Old English stefn, stem, tree trunk;

(ii) stalag, from Old High German stam, stem. Both (i) and (ii) from Germanic *stamniz;

b. estaminet, probably from Walloon stamen, post to which a cow is tied at the feeding-trough, from a source derived from or akin to Germanic *stamniz.

5. Suffixed form *stə-ti-.

a.

(i) stead, from Old English stede, place;

(ii) shtetl, from Old High German stat, place. Both (i) and (ii) from Germanic *stadiz;

b. stat², from Latin statim, at once;

c. station, from Latin statiō, a standing still;

d. armistice, solstice, from Latin -stitium, a stoppage;

e. stasis, from Greek stasis (see III. 1. b.), a standing, a standstill.

6. Suffixed form *stə-to-.

a. bestead, from Old Norse stadhr, place, from Germanic *stadaz, placed;

b. -stat, static, statice, stato-; astasia, astatine, from Greek statos, placed, standing.

7. Suffixed form *stə-no-.

a. destine, from Latin dēstināre, to make firm, establish (dē-, thoroughly; see de-);

b. obstinate, from Latin obstināre, to set one's mind on, persist (ob-, on; see epi).

8. Suffixed form *stə-tu-. estate, étagère, stage, state, statistics, statue, stature, status, statute; constitute, destitute, institute, prostitute, restitute, substitute, superstition, from Latin status, manner, position, condition, attitude, with derivatives statūra, height, stature, statuere, to set up, erect, cause to stand, and superstes (< *-stə-t-), witness (“who stands beyond”).

9. Suffixed form *stə-dhlo-. stable²; constable, from Latin stabulum, “standing place,” stable.

10. Suffixed form *stə-dhli-. establish, stable¹, from Latin stabilis, standing firm.

11. Suffixed form *stə-tā. -stat; enstatite, from Greek -statēs, one that causes to stand, a standing.

III. Zero-grade form *st-, *st(ə)- (before vowels).

1. Reduplicated form *si-st(ə)-.

a. assist, consist, desist, exist, insist, interstice, persist, resist, subsist, from Latin sistere, to set, place, stop, stand;

b. apostasy, catastasis, diastase, ecstasy, epistasis, epistemology, hypostasis, iconostasis, isostasy, metastasis, prostate, system, from Greek histanai (aorist stanai), to set, place, with stasis (*stə-ti-), a standing (see I. 5. e.);

c. histo-; histiocyte, histogram, from Greek histos, web, tissue (< “that which is set up”).

2. Compound form *tri-st-i-, “third person standing by” (see trei-).

3. Compound form *por-st-i-, “that which stands before” (*por-, before, forth; see per¹). post¹, from Latin postis, post.

4. Suffixed form *st-o- in compound *upo-st-o- (see upo).

IV. Extended root *stāu- (< *staəu-), becoming *stau- before consonants, *stāw- before vowels; basic meaning “stout-standing, strong.”

1. Suffixed extended form *stāw-ā-. stow, from Old English stōw, place, from Germanic *stōwō.

2. Probable o-grade suffixed extended form *stōw-yā-. stoa, stoic, from Greek stoā (also stoiā, stōiā), porch.

3. Suffixed extended form *stau-ro-.

a.

(i) store; instauration, from Latin īnstaurāre, to restore, set upright again (in-, on; see en);

(ii) restore, from Latin restaurāre, to restore, rebuild (re-, anew, again; see re-);

b. staurolite, from Greek stauros, cross, post, stake.

4. Variant *tau-ro-, bull (see tauro-).

V. Zero-grade extended root *stū- (< *stuə-). Suffixed form *stū-lo-. stylite; amphistylar, astylar, epistyle, hexastyle, hypostyle, octastyle, peristyle, prostyle, stylobate, from Greek stūlos, pillar.

VI. Secondary full-grade form *steuə-. Suffixed form *steuə-ro-. Theravada, from Sanskrit sthavira-, thick, stout, old.

VII. Variant zero-grade extended root *stu-. Suffixed form *stu-t-. stud¹, from Old English stuthu, studu, post, prop.

VIII. Secondary full-grade form *steu-.

1. Suffixed form *steu-rā-. starboard, from Old English stēor-, a steering, from Germanic *steurō, “a steering.”

2.

a. steer¹, from Old English stīeran, stēran, to steer;

b. stern², from Middle English sterne, stern of a boat, possibly from a source akin to Old Norse stjōrn, a rudder, a steering, derivative of stȳra, to steer. Both a and b from Germanic denominative *steurjan.

3. Suffixed form *steu-ro-, a larger domestic animal. steer², from Old English stēor, steer, from Germanic *steuraz, ox.

4. Probably Germanic diminutive *steur-ika-. stirk, from Old English stīrc, stierc, calf.

 

[Pokorny stā- 1004.]

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