dekm̥

Ten. Oldest form *dek̑m̥, becoming *dekm̥ in centum languages.

Derivatives include ten, December, decimate, dean, hundred, century, and hecatomb.

I. Basic form *dekm̥.

1.

a. ten, from Old English tīen, ten;

b. Old Norse tjan, ten, in compound āttjān (see oktō(u)). Both a and b from Germanic *tehun.

2. eighteen, fifteen, fourteen, nineteen, seventeen, sixteen, thirteen, from Old English suffix -tēne, -tīne, -tȳne, ten, -teen, from Germanic *tehan.

3. deci-, decimal, decimate, decuple, decurion, dicker, dime; December, decemvir, decennary, decennium, decussate, dozen, duodecimal, octodecimo, sextodecimo, from Latin decem, ten.

4. denarius, denary, denier², dinar, from irregular Latin distributive dēnī, by tens, ten each (formed by analogy with nōnī, nine each).

5. dean, deca-, decade, doyen; decagon, Decalogue, dodecagon, from Greek deka, ten.

II. Germanic *tigu-, ten, decad (of uncertain formation, as though < *deku-), in compound *twēgentig (see dwo-).

III. Ordinal number *dekm̥to-. tenth, tithe, from Old English teogotha, tēotha, tenth, from Germanic *teguntha-.

IV. Suffixed zero-grade form *-dkm̥-tā̆, reduced to *-km̥tā̆, and lengthened o-grade form *-dkōm-tā̆, reduced to *-kontā̆.

1. nonagenarian, octogenarian, Septuagint, sexagenary, from Latin -gintā, ten times.

2. Pentecost, from Greek *-konta, ten times.

V. Suffixed zero-grade form *dkm̥-tom, hundred, reduced to *km̥tom.

1. hundred, from Old English hundred, from dialectal North and West Germanic *hund(a)-rada- (-rada-, from Germanic *radam, number; see ar-), from Germanic *hundam, hundred.

2. Germanic compound *thūs-hundi, “swollen hundred,” thousand (see teuə-).

3. cent, cental, centas, centavo, centenarian, centenary, centesimal, centi-, centime, centner, centum, century, qindarka; centennial, cinquecento, percent, quattrocento, seicento, sen², seniti, sexcentenary, trecento, from Latin centum, hundred.

4. hecatomb, hecto-, from Greek hekaton, a hundred (? dissimilated from *hem-katon, one hundred; *hem-, one; see sem-¹).

5. stotinka, from Old Church Slavonic sŭto, hundred.

6. satem, from Avestan satəm, hundred.

 

[Pokorny dek̑m̥ 191.] See also compound root wīkm̥tī-.

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