penkʷe

Five.

Derivatives include five, Pentecost, quintessence, finger, and foist.

I. Basic form *penkʷe.

1. Assimilated form *pempe.

a.

(i) five; fifty, from Old English fīf, five, with derivative fīftig, fifty (-tēne, ten; see dekm̥);

(ii) fin², from Old High German finf, funf, five. Both (i) and (ii) from Germanic *fimf;

b.

(i) fifteen, from Old English fīftēne, fifteen;

(ii) femto-, from Old Norse fimmtān, fifteen. Both (i) and (ii) from Germanic compound *fimftehun, fifteen (*tehun, ten; see dekm̥).

2. Assimilated form *kʷenkʷe.

a. cinquain, cinque, quinque-; cinquecento, cinquefoil, quincunx, from Latin quīnque, five;

b. keno, quinate, from Latin distributive quīnī, five each;

c. quindecennial, from Latin compound quīndecim, fifteen (decem, ten; see dekm̥);

d. quincentenary, from Latin quīngentī, five hundred.

3. penta-, pentad; penstemon, pentagon, pentameter, pentathlon, from Greek pente, five.

4. punch³; pachisi, from Sanskrit pañca, five.

II. Compound *penkʷe-(d)konta, “five tens,” fifty (*-(d)konta, group of ten; see dekm̥).

1. quinquagenarian, Quinquagesima, from Latin quīnquāgintā, fifty.

2. Pentecost, pinxter flower, from Greek pentēkonta, fifty.

III. Ordinal adjective *penkʷ-to-.

1. fifth, from Old English fīfta, fifth, from Germanic *fimftōn-.

2. quint¹, quintain, quintet, quintile; quintessence, quintillion, quintuple, from Latin quīntus (< *quinc-tos), feminine quīnta, fifth.

IV. Suffixed form *penkʷ-ro-. finger, from Old English finger, finger, from Germanic *fingwraz, finger (< “one of five”).

V. Suffixed reduced zero-grade form *pn̥k-sti-.

a. fist, from Old English fȳst, fist;

b. foist, from Dutch vuist, fist. Both a and b from Germanic *funhstiz.

 

[Pokorny penkᵘ̯e 808, pn̥ksti- 839.]

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