Political Parties 2

▪ Table

Political Parties

      Parlia-

    Voting  mentary

Country Affili- strength represen-

  Name of party ation  (%)  tation 

Afghanistan        

  Multifactional warfare from January 1993  — — —  

Albania (May–June 1996)        

  Democratic Party CR 55.5 122 (92)

  Albanian Republican Party CR 5.7 3 (1)

  Socialist Party x 20.4 10 (38)

  Greek minority party e 4.0 3 (2)

  Others — 14.4 2 (7)

Algeria        

  Interim government since January 1992   —  —  —  

Andorra (December 1993)        

  National Democratic        

    Grouping and allies CL ... 15  

  Others and independents — ... 13  

Angola (September 1992)        

  Popular Liberation Movement of Angola–Labour Party (MPLA–PT) x 53.7 129 (203)

  National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA) — 34.1 70 —

  Others — 12.2 21 —

Antigua and Barbuda (March 1994)         

  Antigua Labour Party C 54.4 11 (15)

  United Progressive Party C 43.7 5 (1)

  Barbuda People's Movement e 1.4 1 (1)

Argentina (May 1995)        

  Justicialist National Movement (Peronist) CR–CL 43.1 136 (125)

  Radical Civic Union C 21.7 69 (83)

  Front for a Country in Solidarity (Frepaso coalition) CL 21.0 26 (13)

  Others — 14.2 26 (36)

Armenia (July 1995)        

  Armenian National Movement and allies — 42.7 119  

  Women's organization — 16.9 8  

  Democratic Party x 12.1 7  

  Others and independents — 28.3 56  

Australia (March 1996)        

  National Party of Australia R 8.2 18 (16)

  Liberal Party of Australia C 38.7 76 (49)

  Australian Labor Party L 38.7 49 (80)

  Others and independents — 14.4 5 (2)

Austria (December 1995)        

  Austrian Freedom Party R 21.9 40 (42)

  Liberal Forum — 5.5 10 (11)

  Austrian People's Party C 28.3 53 (52)

  Austrian Social Democratic Party SD 38.1 71 (65)

  The Green Alternative Lg 4.8 9 (13)

Azerbaijan (November 1995–February 1996)        

  New Azerbaijan Party p ... 67  

  Others — ... 12  

  Independents — ... 46  

Bahamas, The (August 1992)        

  Progressive Liberal Party C 44.7 15 (31)

  Free National Movement C 55.0 34 (16)

  Others — 0.3 0 (2)

Bahrain        

  Consultative Council (advisory body) — — —  

Bangladesh (June–September 1996)        

  Bangladesh Nationalist Party CR ... 113 (212)

  National Party (coalition) — ... 33 *

  Awami League SD ... 176 *

  Islamic Assembly r ... 3 *

  Others — ... 5 (2)

Barbados (September 1994)        

  Democratic Labour Party C 38.8 8 (18)

  National Democratic Party — 12.1 1 (0)

  Barbados Labour Party SD 48.8 19 (10)

Belarus        

  Constitutional parliament abolished November 1996        

Belgium (May 1995)        

  National Front (French) ERe 2.3 2 (1)

  Vlaams Blok (Flemish) ERe 7.8 11 (12)

  Volksunie (Flemish) Re 4.7 5 (10)

  Liberals                                                                                   Flemish CR 13.1 21 (26)

French

CR 10.3 18 (20)

  Social Christians                                                                     Flemish C 17.2 29 (39)

French C 7.7 12 (18)

  Socialists                                                                                Flemish SD 12.6 20 (28)

French SD 11.9 21 (35)

  Greens                                                                                     Flemish g 4.4 5 (7)

French g 4.0 6 (10)

  Others — 4.0 0 (6)

Belize (June 1993)        

  United Democratic Party R 48.8 16 (13)

  People's United Party C 51.2 13 (15)

Benin (March–May 1995)        

  Government party and allies — ... 32  

  Opposition parties — ... 50  

Bhutan        

  National Assembly, non-party — — 105  

Bolivia (June 1993)        

  Civic Solidarity Union R 13.3 19 —

  Nationalist Revolutionary Movement CR 35.1 51 (40)

  Patriotic Accord (coalition) — 21.2 36 (71)

  Conscience of the Fatherland CL 12.5 13 (9)

  Free Bolivia Movement L 5.3 7 —

  Others — 12.6 4 (10)

Bosnia and Herzegovina (September 1996)        

  Muslim-nationalist party er 37.8 19  

  Serb-nationalist party er 24.0 9  

  Croat-nationalist party er 14.0 8  

  Pro multi-ethnic parties — 11.3 4  

  Others — 12.9 2  

Botswana (October 1994)        

  Botswana Democratic Party C 54.4 27 (31)

  Botswana National Front CL 37.1 13 (3)

Brazil (October 1994)        

  Progressive Renewal Party CR ... 52 (22)

  Social Democrats and allies C ... 192 (177)

  Brazilian Democratic Movement CL ... 107 (109)

  Workers' Party and ally L ... 66 (46)

  Democratic Labour Party L ... 34 (46)

  Others — ... 62 (103)

Brunei        

  Legislative Council (nonelected) — — —  

Bulgaria (December 1994)        

  Bulgarian Business Bloc R 4.7 13 (0)

  People's Union CR 6.5 18 —

  Union of Democratic Forces — 24.2 69 (110)

  Bulgarian Socialist Party x 43.5 125 (106)

  Movement for Rights and Freedoms (Turkish) e 5.4 15 (24)

Burkina Faso (May 1992)        

  Government coalition ... ... 84  

  Opposition parties ... ... 23  

Burundi (June 1993)        

  Burundi Democratic Front — 72.6 65  

  Unity for National Progress — 21.9 16  

Cambodia (May 1993)        

  Funcinpec CR 45.5 58  

  Buddhist Liberal Democrats L 3.8 10  

  Cambodian People's Party x 38.2 51  

  Others — 12.5 1  

Cameroon (March 1992)        

  People's Democratic Movement and allied party — ... 94 (180)

  Opposition parties — ... 86 —

Canada (October 1993)        

  Reform R 18.1 52 —

  Progressive Conservative CR 16.1 2 (170)

  Liberal C 41.6 177 (82)

  New Democratic SD 6.6 9 (43)

  Bloc Québécois e 13.9 54 —

  Others and independents — 3.7 1 (0)

Cape Verde (December 1995)        

  Movement for Democracy — 61.3 50 (56)

  African Party for the Independence of Cape Verde — 29.8 21 (23)

  Democratic Convergence Party — 6.7 1 —

Central African Republic (August–September 1993)        

  Central African People's Liberation Movement — ... 34  

  Others — ... 51  

Chad        

  Transitional legislature from April 1993 — — —  

Chile (December 1993)        

  Independent Democratic Union ER ... 15 (11)

  National Renovation and allied party R ... 31 (29)

  Centre-right independents CR ... 4 (8)

  Christian Democratic Party C ... 37 (38)

  Leftist parties and independent CL–L ... 33 (34)

China (September 1992–March 1993)        

  National People's Congress K ... 2,978  

Colombia (March 1994)        

  Social Conservative Party R ... 56 (15)

  Other rightist parties R ... 2 (24)

  Liberal Party C ... 89 (86)

  Democratic Alliance–April 19 Movement L ... 2 (15)

  Others — ... 14 (21)

Comoros (December 1996)        

  Government party p ... 36 (24)

  Opposition coalition — ... * (18)

  National Front for Justice r ... 3 —

  Independents — ... 4 —

Congo (May 1993–April 1995)        

  Presidential Tendency — ... 66 (69)

  Opposition Coalition — ... 57 (49)

  Others — ... 0 (7)

Costa Rica (February 1994)        

  Social Christian Unity Party CR 40.4 25 (29)

  National Liberation Party CL 44.6 28 (25)

  Others — 15.0 4 (3)

Côte d'Ivoire (December 1996)        

  Democratic Party of Côte d'Ivoire — ... 149 (147)

  Rally of Republicans C ... 13 (14)

  Ivorian Popular Front SD ... 13 (10)

Croatia (October 1995)        

  Croatian Party of Rights ERe 5.0 4 (5)

  Croatian Democratic Union Re 45.2 75 (85)

  Moderate opposition coalition R–C 18.3 20 (6)

  Croatian Social-Liberal Party CL 11.6 11 (14)

  Social Democratic Party x 8.9 9 (11)

  Others and independents — 11.0 8 (17)

Cuba (February 1993)        

  Government (single) party K ... 589 (499)

Cyprus        

  Greek Zone (May 1996)        

    Democratic Rally/Liberals R 34.5 20 (20)

    Democratic Party CR 16.4 10 (11)

    EDEK–SK (Socialists) CL 8.1 5 (7)

    Free Democrats Movement CL 3.7 2 —

    Progressive Party of the Working People L 33.0 19 (18)

  Turkish Zone (December 1993)        

    National Unity Party CR 29.9 17  

    Democrat Party — 29.2 15  

    Communal Liberation Party CL 13.3 5  

    Republican Turkish Party S 24.2 13  

Czech Republic (May–June 1996)        

  Association for the Republic–Czech Republican Party ER 8.0 18 (14)

  Governing coalition R–CR 44.1 99 (105)

  Czech Social Democratic Party SD 26.4 61 (16)

  Liberal Social Union (coalition) Lg — — (16)

  Communist (reformed) party x 10.3 22 (35)

  Left Bloc K 1.8 0  

  Others — 9.4 0 (14)

Denmark (September 1994)        

  Progress ER 6.4 11 (12)

  Liberal  R 23.3 42 (29)

  Conservative People's R 15.0 27 (30)

  Christian People's CR 1.8 0 (4)

  Centre Democrats C 2.8 5 (9)

  Radical Liberal  C 4.6 8 (7)

  Social Democrats CL 34.6 62 (69)

  Socialist People's L 7.3 13 (15)

  Red-Green Unity List Lg 3.1 6 (0)

  Faroe Islands and Greenland — — 4 (4)

  Independents — 1.0 1 (0)

Djibouti (December 1992)        

  Popular Rally for Progress — 74.6 65 (65)

  New Democratic Party — 25.4 0 —

Dominica (June 1995)        

  Dominica Freedom Party CR 35.8 5 (11)

  Dominica United Workers' Party CL 34.4 11 (6)

  Labour Party L 29.6 5 (4)

  Independents/others — 0.2 0 (1)

Dominican Republic (May 1994)        

  Social Christian Reformist Party CR 39.7 50 (40)

  Dominican Revolutionary Party and allies L 42.7 57 (36)

  Dominican Liberation Party L 16.1 13 (44)

Ecuador (May 1996)        

  Social Christian Party CR 30.7 27 (26)

  Popular Democracy C 10.4 12 (4)

  Roldosist Party C 19.9 19 (11)

  Democratic Left SD 6.3 4 (8)

  Alfarist Radical Front L 6.8 3 (2)

  Democratic Popular Movement EL 4.4 2 (8)

  New Country–Pachakutik Movement (indigenous interests) e 10.9 8 —

  Others — 10.6 7 (18)

Egypt (November–December 1995)        

  New Wafd Party R ... 6 —

  National Democratic Party CR ... 317 (348)

  National Progressive Unionist L ... 5 (6)

  Other parties — ... 3 —

  Independents — ... 113 (83)

El Salvador (March 1994)        

  Nationalist Republican Alliance (Arena) R 45 39 (39)

  National Conciliation Party R ... 4 (9)

  Christian Democratic Party CR 16 18 (26)

  Democratic Convergence L ... 1 (8)

  Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front L 29 21 —

  Others — ... 1 (2)

Equatorial Guinea (November 1993)        

  Democratic Party — ... 68 (41)

  Principal opposition parties — — * —

  Others — ... 12 —

Eritrea        

  Transitional government from May 1993 — — —  

Estonia (March 1995)        

  Republican and Conservative People's Party R 5.0 5 —

  Pro Patria ("Fatherland") Coalition CR 7.9 8 (29)

  Estonian Reform Party CR 16.2 19 —

  Estonian Centre Party CL 14.2 16 —

  Coalition and Rural People's Union CL/x 32.2 41 (17)

  Moderates SD 6.0 6 (12)

  Our Home is Estonia (pro-Russian alliance) e 5.9 6 —

  Others — 12.6 0 (43)

Ethiopia (May–June 1995)        

  Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front ... ... 493  

  Major opposition parties — — *  

  Others and independents — ... 54  

Fiji (February 1994)        

  Ethnic Fijian seats e ... 37 (37)

  Ethnic Indian seats e ... 27 (27)

  Chinese/European seats e ... 4 (4)

  Multiracial seat e ... 1 (1)

  Rotuma Island e ... 1 (1)

Finland (March 1995)        

  Finnish Christian Union R 3.0 7 (8)

  National Coalition CR 17.9 39 (40)

  Swedish People's Party e 5.1 12 (12)

  Finnish Centre C 19.9 44 (55)

  Social Democratic Party S 28.3 63 (48)

  Left-Wing Alliance L–K 11.2 22 (19)

  Green Union g 6.5 9 (10)

  Others — 8.1 4 (8)

France (March 1993; 1st round %s)        

  National Front ER 12.4 0 (1)

  Rally for the Republic (RPR) R 20.4 247 (127)

  Other right-wing parties R 4.7 24 (16)

  Union for French Democracy (UDF) CR 19.1 213 (129)

  Socialist Party S 17.6 54 (260)

  Other left-wing parties L 4.5 16 (16)

  Communist Party K 9.2 23 (27)

  Others — 12.1 0 (1)

Gabon (December 1996)        

  Gabonese Democratic Party — ... 76 (66)

  National Rally of Woodcutters e ... 12 (17)

  Gabonese Progress Party — ... 6 (19)

  Others and independents — ... 18 (18)

Gambia, The        

  House of Representatives dissolved July 1994 — — —  

Georgia (November–December 1995)        

  All Georgian Union of Revival CR 6.8 32 —

  National Democratic Party CR 8.0 34 (12)

  Citizens of Georgia Union — 23.7 106 —

  Others and independents — 61.5 63 (228)

Germany (October 1994)        

  Christian Social Union R 7.3 50 (51)

  Christian Democratic Union CR 34.2 244 (268)

  Free Democratic Party C 6.9 47 (79)

  Social Democratic Party SD 36.4 252 (239)

  Party of Democratic Socialism x 4.4 30 (17)

  Greens/Alliance '90 g 7.3 49 (8)

  Others — 3.5 0 (0)

Ghana (December 1996)        

  National Democratic Congress p ... 133 (189)

  New Patriotic Party — ... 60 (0)

  Others — ... 6 (11)

Greece (September 1996)        

  Political Spring CR 2.9 0 (10)

  New Democracy CR 38.1 108 (111)

  Panhellenic Socialist Movement (Pasok) S 41.5 162 (170)

  Democratic Renewal Movement L 4.4 9  

  Progressive Left Coalition L–K 5.1 10 (0)

  Communist Party K–EL 5.6 11 (9)

Grenada (June 1995)        

  Grenada United Labour Party R 26.8 2 (4)

  National Democratic Congress C 31.1 5 (7)

  New National Party C 32.7 8 (2)

  Others — 9.4 0 (2)

Guatemala (November 1995)        

  National Advancement Party Rp 34.7 43 (24)

  Guatemalan Republican Front Rp 19.5 21 (32)

  Other rightist parties R 8.7 3 (3)

  National Alliance C 13.0 7 (21)

  New Guatemala Democratic Front CL 8.5 6 —

Guinea (June 1995)        

  Presidential party and allies — ... 76  

  Opposition parties — ... 38  

Guinea-Bissau (July 1994)        

  African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde L 46.0 62 (150)

  Guinea-Bissau Resistance — 19.2 19 —

  Other opposition parties — 34.8 19 —

Guyana (October 1992)        

  United Force CR 1.2 1 (2)

  People's National Congress Se 43.6 31 (42)

  People's Progressive Party Se 52.3 32 (8)

  Working People's Alliance L 1.7 1 (1)

Haiti (June–September 1995)        

  Lavalas movement C–L ... 68  

  Others and independents — ... 15  

Honduras (November 1993)        

  National Party R 43.0 55 (71)

  Liberal Party CR 53.0 71 (55)

  Others — 4.0 2 (2)

Hungary (May 1994)        

  Independent Smallholders R 8.8 26 (43)

  Hungarian Democratic Forum CR 11.7 37 (165)

  Christian Democratic People's Party CR 7.1 22 (21)

  Alliance of Free Democrats CL 19.8 70 (92)

  Federation of Young Democrats L 7.0 20 (21)

  Hungarian Socialist Party x 33.0 209 (33)

  Others and independents — 12.6 2 (11)

Iceland (April 1995)        

  Independence Party R 37.1 25 (26)

  Progressive Party C 23.3 15 (13)

  Women's Alliance CL 4.9 3 (5)

  People's Movement CL 7.2 4 (10)

  Social Democratic Party SD 11.4 7  

  People's Alliance L 14.3 9 (9)

India (April–May 1996)        

  Bharatiya Janata Party Rr 23.5 161 (119)

    Allied parties Rr ... 34 (4)

  Congress (I) C 29.8 136 (226)

    Allied parties C ... 5 (17)

  Janata Dal and leftist allies CL–K ... 112 (115)

    Allied regional parties e ... 58 (16)

  Others (includes vacant seats) — ... 37 (46)

Indonesia (June 1992)        

  Golkar (Functional Groups) — 68 281 (299)

  United Development Party r 17 63 (61)

  Indonesian Democratic Party — 15 56 (40)

Iran (March–April 1996)        

  Society of Combatant Clergy "group" ERr ... 110 (155^†)

  Servants of Iran's Construction "group" Rr ... 80 (115^†)

  Others — ... 58  

Iraq (March 1996)        

  Ba'th Party — ... 160 (250)

    Allied independents — ... 60  

Ireland (November 1992)        

  Progressive Democrats R 4.7 10 (5)

  Fianna Fail (Republican) C 39.1 68 (77)

  Fine Gael (United Ireland) C 24.5 45 (55)

  Labour Party SD 19.3 33 (16)

  Democratic Left S 2.8 4 (7)

  Green Alliance g 1.4 1 (1)

  Others — 8.2 5 (5)

Israel (May 1996)        

  Moledet ER ... 2 (3)

  United Torah Judaism (orthodox) r 3.3 4 (4)

  Shas (orthodox) r 8.6 10 (6)

  National Religious Party r 7.8 9 (6)

  Likud and allies R 24.8 32 (40)

  Israel for Immigration (Russian) Ce 5.8 7 —

  The Third Way C ... 4 —

  Israel Labor Party SD 26.6 34 (44)

  Meretz CL 7.3 9 (12)

  United Arab List e ... 4 (2)

  Hadash L 4.4 5 (3)

Italy (April 1996)        

  Northern League Re 10.1 59 (366)

  Right-wing alliance R 44.0 246  

    National Alliance R 15.7 ... (109)

    Forza Italia R 20.6 ... (112)

  Centrist parties C 43.4 319 (46)

  Left-wing pact/alliance L     (213)

    Democratic Party of the Left SD 21.1 ... (114)

    Green List g 2.5 ... (11)

    Communist Refoundation Party K 8.6 ... (41)

  Others — 2.5 6 (5)

Jamaica (March 1993)        

  Jamaica Labour Party CL 39 8 (15)

  People's National Party L 61 52 (45)

Japan (October 1996)        

  Liberal-Democratic Party R ... 239 (223)

  Democratic Party — ... 52 —

  New Frontier Party (Shinshinto) R–SD ... 156 (160)

  Social Democratic Party SD ... 15 (70)

  Japan Communist Party L ... 26 (15)

  Others and independents — ... 12 (43)

Jordan (November 1993)        

  Islamic Action Front r ... 16 (20)

  Independent Islamic fundamentalists r ... 5 (12)

  Tribal/traditional candidates C ... 49 (17)

  Independent centrists C ... 3  

  Leftists L ... 7 (11)

Kazakstan (December 1995–February 1996)        

  Pro-presidential parties — ... 53  

  Opposition independents — ... 14  

Kenya (December 1992)        

  Kenya African National Union — ... 100 (188)

  Forum for Restoration of Democracy (2 wings) — ... 62 —

  Democratic Party — ... 23 —

  Others — ... 3 —

Kiribati (July 1994)        

  Christian Democratic Party p ... 13  

  Gilbertese National Progressive Party p ... 7  

  Independents — ... 19  

Korea, North (April 1990)        

  Korean Workers' Party K 99.8 687  

Korea, South (April 1996)        

  United Liberal Democrats R 16.2 50 —

  New Korea Party (former Liberal Democrats) CR 34.5 139 (149)

  Democratic Party CL 11.2 15 (97)

  National Congress for New Politics CL 25.3 79 —

  Others and independents — 12.8 16 (53)

Kuwait (October 1996)        

  Islamic fundamentalists r ... 16 (19)

  Government supporters — ... 30 (15)

  Liberal opposition — ... 4 (6)

Kyrgyzstan (February–April 1995)        

  Pro-government independents — ... 90  

  Others — ... 15  

Laos (December 1992)        

  Government (single) party K ... 85 (79)

Latvia (October 1995)        

  People's Movement for Latvia ERp 15.1 16 —

  Fatherland and Freedom ERe 11.6 14 (6)

  National Conservative Party Re 6.2 8 (15)

  Farmer's Union and allies CR 6.1 8 (18)

  Latvia's Way C 14.7 17 (36)

  Saimnieks ("In Charge") CL 15.3 18 —

  National Harmony Party (pro-Russian) CL 5.6 6 (13)

  Unity Party K 7.2 8 —

  Others — 5.7 5 (12)

Lebanon (August–September 1996)        

  Christian  — — 64  

    Maronite — — 34  

    Greek Orthodox — — 14  

    Greek Catholic — — 8  

    Armenian Orthodox — — 5  

    Others — — 3  

  Muslim/Druze — — 64  

    Sunnite — — 27  

    Shi'ite — — 27  

    Druze — — 8  

    'Alawite — — 2  

Lesotho (March 1993)        

  Basotho Congress Party — 74.8 65  

  Basotho National Party — 22.7 0  

Liberia        

  Transitional government from September 1995 — — —  

Libya        

  General People's Congress — — 750  

Liechtenstein (October 1993)        

  Progressive Citizens' Party CR 41.3 11 (12)

  Fatherland Union C 50.1 13 (11)

  The Free List g 8.5 1 (2)

Lithuania (October–November 1996)        

  Christian Democrats CR 12.2 16 (13)

  Homeland Union CR 29.8 70 —

  Reform Movement (Sajudis) CR — — (29)

  Centre Union — 8.2 13 —

  Social Democratic Party SD 6.6 12 (8)

  Democratic Labour Party x 9.5 12 (74)

  Others and independents — 33.7 18 (17)

Luxembourg (June 1994)        

  Christian Social People's Party CR 29.3 21 (22)

  Democratic Party C 11.6 12 (11)

  Socialist Workers' Party S 33.5 17 (18)

  Communist Party K 2.8 0 (1)

  Action Committee for Democracy and Justice — 7.1 5 (4)

  Green Alternative g 10.2 5 (4)

Macedonia (October–November 1994)        

  Alliance of Macedonia x ... 95  

  Pro-government Albanian party e ... 10  

  Anti-government Albanian party e ... 4  

  Other opposition — ... 11  

Madagascar (June 1993)        

  Living Forces coalition — ... 75  

  Others — ... 59  

Malawi (May 1994)        

   United Democratic Front — 46.4 84 —

   Malawi Congress Party — 33.6 55 (136)

   Alliance for Democracy — 18.9 36 —

Malaysia (April 1995)        

  Islamic parties CR 17.4 13 (15)

  National Front coalition e 64.0 162 (127)

  Democratic Action Party SD 12.1 9 (20)

  Others and independents — 6.5 8 (18)

Maldives (December 1994)        

  People's Council, non-party — ... 40  

Mali (February–March 1992)        

  Alliance for Democracy in Mali — 48.4 76  

  Others — 51.6 40  

Malta (October 1996)        

  Nationalist Party R 47.8 34 (34)

  Malta Labour Party SD 50.7 35 (31)

Marshall Islands (November 1995)        

  House of Representatives, non-party — — 33  

Mauritania (October 1996)        

  Government party R ... 70 (67)

  Principal opposition parties ... ... 1 (*)

  Others and independents — ... 8 (12)

Mauritius (December 1995)        

  Mauritian Socialist Movement and allied parties — 19.7 0 (59)

  Mauritian Militant Movement        

  Mauritian Labour Party and allied parties — 65.2 62 (3)

  Others — 15.1 0 —

Mexico (August 1994)        

  National Action Party (PAN) CR 25.9 119 (89)

  Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) C 48.7 300 (320)

  Democratic Revolutionary Party CL 16.6 71 (41)

  Labour Party L 2.7 10 (0)

  Others — 6.1 0 (50)

Micronesia (March 1995)        

  Congress, non-party — ... 14  

Moldova (February 1994)        

  Popular Front alliance Re 7.5 9  

  Peasants/Intellectuals bloc Ce 9.2 11  

  Agrarian Democratic Party C–x 43.2 56  

  Socialist/Unity bloc (Russian) xe 22.0 28  

  Others — 18.1 0  

Monaco (January 1993)        

  Campora list p ... 15  

  Others p ... 3  

Mongolia (June 1996)        

  Democratic Union coalition C–SD 47.0 50 (5)

  United Heritage Party — 1.6 1 —

  People's Revolutionary Party x 40.5 25 (71)

Morocco (June–September 1993)        

  Constitutional Union CR ... 54 (83)

  National Democratic Party CR ... 24 (24)

  Berber parties CRe ... 76 (47)

  National Assembly of Independents C ... 41 (61)

  Democratic Bloc CL–EL ... 120 (85)

  Others and independents — ... 18 (6)

Mozambique (October 1994)        

  Mozambique Liberation Front (Frelimo) x 44.3 129 (250)

  Mozambique National Resistance (Renamo) — 37.8 112  

  Democratic Union — 5.2 9  

Myanmar        

  Military government since September 1988 — — —  

Namibia (December 1994)        

  Democratic Turnhalle Alliance C 20.8 15 (21)

  South West Africa People's Organization (SWAPO) L 73.9 53 (41)

  Others — 5.3 4 (10)

Nauru (November 1995)        

  Parliament, non-party p — 18 (18)

Nepal (November 1994)        

  National Democratic Party R 17.9 20 (4)

  Nepali Congress Party C 33.4 83 (110)

  Communist parties K 30.9 88 (82)

  Others and independents — 17.8 14 (9)

Netherlands, The (May 1994)        

  Christian Democratic Appeal CR 22.2 34 (54)

  People's Party for Freedom and Democracy CR 19.9 31 (22)

  Democrats 66 CL 15.5 24 (12)

  Labour Party SD 24.0 37 (49)

  Green Left Lg 3.5 5 (6)

  General Union of the Elderly — 4.5 6 —

  Others — 10.4 13 (7)

New Zealand (October 1996)        

  ACT New Zealand CR 6.2 8 —

  National Party CR 34.1 44 (50)

  United New Zealand C 0.9 1 —

  New Zealand First C 13.1 17 (2)

  Labour Party CL 28.3 37 (45)

  The Alliance (coalition) L 10.1 13 (2)

Nicaragua (October 1996)        

  National Opposition Union — — — (51)

  Liberal Alliance coalition R–C 46.0 42 —

  Sandinista National Liberation Front CL–EL 36.5 37 (39)

  Others — 17.5 14 (2)

Niger (November 1996)        

  Government party — ... 58 —

    Allied parties — ... 11 (83)

  Others and independents — ... 14  

Nigeria        

  Military government since 1993 — — —  

Norway (September 1993)        

  Progress Party R 6.3 10 (22)

  Conservative Party R 16.9 28 (37)

  Christian People's Party CR 7.9 13 (14)

  Centre Party CR 16.8 32 (11)

  Labour Party SD 37.0 67 (63)

  Socialist Left S 7.9 13 (17)

  Others — 7.2 2 (1)

Oman        

  Consultative Council (advisory body) — — —  

Pakistan (October 1993)        

  Religious parties Rr ... 10 (6)

  Pakistan Muslim League (Nawaz) — 41.0 73 (105)

  Pakistan Muslim League (Junejo) — ... 6  

  Pakistan People's Party CL 38.0 86 (45)

  Mohajir Qaumi Movement e ... * (15)

  Others and independents — ... 26 (30)

Palau (November 1996)        

  House of Delegates, non-party — — 16  

Panama (May 1994)        

  Democratic Revolutionary Party and allies — ... 31 (12)

  Others — ... 41 (55)

Papua New Guinea (June 1992)        

  United Party (Pangu Pati) p ... 22 (26)

  People's Democratic Movement p ... 15 (18)

  Others p ... 40 (41)

  Independents — ... 31 (21)

Paraguay (May 1993)        

  Colorado Party R 43.0 38 (48)

  Authentic Radical Liberal Party CL 35.1 33 (19)

  National Encounter coalition — 17.1 9 —

  Others — 4.8 0 (5)

Peru (April 1995)        

  Popular Christian Party R 3.1 3 (8)

  Popular Action CR 3.3 4 —

  Change 90-New Majority (coalition of independents) p 52.1 67 (44)

  Union for Peru p 14.0 17 —

  Independent Moralizing Front p 4.9 6 (7)

  American Popular Revolutionary Alliance CL 6.5 8 —

  Others — 16.1 15 (21)

Philippines (May 1995)        

  National People's Coalition R ... 28 (48)

  Centrist parties C ... 13 (15)

  People Power–National Union of Christian Democrats p ... 126 (51)

  Democratic Filipino Struggle — ... 28 (87)

  Others and independents — ... 9 (0)

Poland (September 1993)        

  Confederation for an Independent Poland R 5.8 22 (46)

  Non-Party Bloc to Support Reform R 5.4 16 —

  Democratic Union CL 10.6 74 (62)

  Labour Union L 7.3 41 (4)

  Democratic Left Alliance x 20.4 171 (60)

  Polish Peasant Party x 15.4 132 (48)

  German minority organizations e 0.5 4 (7)

  Others — 34.6 0 (233)

Portugal (October 1995)        

  Popular Party R 9.1 15 (5)

  Social Democratic Party CR 34.0 88 (135)

  Socialist Party CL 43.9 112 (72)

  Unified Democratic Coalition L–K 8.6 15 (17)

  Others — 4.4 0 (1)

Qatar        

  Consultative Council (advisory body) — — —  

Romania (November 1996)        

  Romanian National Unity Party Re 4.4 18 (30)

  Greater Romania Party Re 4.5 19 (16)

  Democratic Convention of Romania CR 30.2 122 (82)

  Social Democratic Union SD 12.9 53 (43)

  Social Democracy Party x 21.5 91 (117)

  Hungarian Democratic Union e 6.6 25 (27)

  Others — 19.9 0 (13)

Russia (December 1995)        

  Liberal Democratic Party ERe 11.2 51 (64)

  Congress of Russian Communities R/CLe 4.3 5 —

  Our Home is Russia CR 10.1 55 —

  Forward Russia! C 4.0 1 —

  Russia's Democratic Choice CL 3.9 9 (76)

  Yabloko (Bloc of Three) CL 6.9 45 (28)

  Women of Russia CL 4.6 3 (24)

  Communist Party L 22.3 157 (45)

  Agrarian Party L 3.8 20 (55)

  Power to the People Le 1.6 9 —

  Workers' Russia EL 4.5 1 (0)

  Other parties — ... 17 (137)

  Independents — ... 77 (21)

Rwanda        

  Transitional government from July 1994 — — —  

Saint Kitts and Nevis (July 1995)        

  People's Action Movement CL ... 1 (4)

  St. Kitts-Nevis Labour Party L ... 7 (4)

  Concerned Citizens' Movement e ... 2 (2)

  Nevis Reformation Party (pro-secessionist) e ... 1 (1)

Saint Lucia (April 1992)        

  United Workers' Party C 54.9 11 (9)

  St. Lucia Labour Party CL 41.9 6 (8)

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (February 1994)        

  New Democratic Party C 54.6 12 (15)

  St. Vincent Labour Party SD 26.0 2 (0)

  Movement for National Unity L 17.3 1 (0)

San Marino (May 1993)        

  Christian Democrats CR 41.4 26 (27)

  Socialist Party S 23.7 14 (7)

  Progressive Democratic Party x 18.6 11 (18)

  Popular Democratic Alliance — 7.7 4 —

  Other parties — 8.6 5 (8)

São Tomé and Príncipe (October 1994)        

  Party of Democratic Convergence C 17 14 (33)

  Movement for the Liberation of São Tomé and Príncipe L 43 27 (21)

  Independent Democratic Action — 26 14 —

  Others — 4 0 (1)

Saudi Arabia        

  Consultative Council (advisory body) — — —  

Senegal (May 1993)        

  Socialist Party SD 56.6 84 (103)

  Senegalese Democratic Party — 30.2 27 (17)

  Let Us Unite Senegal EL 4.9 3 —

  Other parties — 8.3 6 —

Seychelles (July 1993)        

  People's Progressive Front L 57.5 28 (23)

  Others — 42.5 5 —

Sierra Leone (February 1996)        

  Sierra Leone People's Party pe 36.1 27  

  United National People's Party pe 21.6 17  

  Four other regional parties pe 31.1 24  

  Paramount chiefs (non-party) — — 12  

Singapore (August 1991)        

  People's Action Party  CR 61 77 (80)

  Democratic Party CL 12 3 (1)

  Workers' Party L 14 1 (0)

Slovakia (September–October 1994)        

  Slovak National Party Re 5.4 9 (15)

  Movement for a Democratic Slovakia CR 35.0 61 (74)

  Democratic Union C 8.6 15 —

  Christian Democratic Movement CL 10.1 17 (18)

  Common Choice coalition CL–x 10.4 18 (29)

  Hungarian minority coalition e 10.2 17 (14)

  Others — 20.3 13 (0)

Slovenia (November 1996)        

  Slovenian National Party ER 3.2 4 (12)

  Slovenian People's Party R 19.4 19 (10)

  Slovenian Christian Democrats CR 9.6 10 (15)

  Social Democratic Party C–SD 16.1 16 (4)

  Liberal Democracy of Slovenia CL 27.0 25 —

  Centre-left parties CL — — (33)

  United List of Social Democrats x 9.0 9 (14)

  Pensioner's party — 4.3 5  

  Hungarian/Italian minorities e — 2 (2)

Solomon Islands (May 1993)        

  Government Alliance p ... 24  

  Opposition party p ... 23  

Somalia        

  No government since 1991 — — —  

South Africa (April 1994)        

  Freedom Front ER 2.2 9  

  National Party CR 20.4 82  

  Inkatha Freedom Party e 10.5 43  

  Democratic Party C 1.7 7  

  African National Congress CL 62.7 252  

  Pan-Africanist Congress EL 1.2 5  

  Others — 1.3 2  

Spain (March 1996)        

  Popular Party CR 38.9 156 (141)

  Basque Nationalist Party Ce 1.3 5 (5)

  Canarian coalition Ce 0.9 4 (4)

  Convergence and Union (Catalan) CLe 4.6 16 (17)

  Spanish Socialist Workers' Party SD 37.5 141 (159)

  United Left L–K 10.6 21 (18)

  Galician Nationalist Bloc Le 0.9 2 (0)

  Herri Batasuna (Basque radicals) ELe 0.7 2 (2)

  Other regional parties e 1.6 3 (4)

Sri Lanka (August 1994)        

  United National Party CR 44.0 94 (125)

  People's Alliance CL 48.9 105 (86)

  Others and independents — 3.6 14  

  Sri Lanka Muslim Congress r 1.8 7 (4)

  Tamil United Liberation Front e 1.7 5 (10)

Sudan, The (March 1996)        

  Government supporters — ... 264  

  Principal opposition forces — — *  

Suriname (May 1996)        

  National Democratic Party p 25.6 16 (12)

  Democratic Alternative '91 SD 12.4 4 (9)

  Pendana Lima (Javan party) e 10.0 4  

  New Front coalition CLe 41.4 24 (30)

  Alliance — 9.3 3 —

Swaziland (September–October 1993)        

  House of Assembly, non-party — — 55  

Sweden (September 1994)        

  New Democracy R 1.2 0 (24)

  Christian Democrats R 4.1 15 (27)

  Moderate Coalition Party CR 22.4 80 (80)

  Centre Party CR 7.7 27 (31)

  Liberal People's Party C 7.2 26 (33)

  Social Democrats S 45.3 161 (138)

  Left Party x 6.2 22 (16)

  Greens g 5.0 18 (0)

Switzerland (October 1995)        

  Freedom Party R 4.0 7 (8)

  Swiss People's Party R 14.9 29 (25)

  Christian Democrats CR 17.0 34 (36)

  Liberal Party CR 2.7 7 (10)

  Radical Democrats C 20.2 45 (44)

  Social Democrats SD 21.8 54 (42)

  Green Party g 5.0 9 (14)

  Others — 14.4 15 (21)

Syria (August 1994)        

  Ba'th Party and allies — ... 167 (166)

  Independents — ... 83 (84)

Taiwan (December 1995)        

  New Party (pro-unification) R 12.9 21 —

  Nationalist (Kuomintang) — 46.1 85 (96)

  Democratic Progressive Party (pro-independence) — 33.2 54 (50)

  Others and independents — 7.8 4 (15)

Tajikistan (February–March 1995)        

  Communist Party K ... 60  

  Others and independents — ... 119  

  Western/Islamic parties     ‡  

Tanzania (October–November 1995)        

  NCCR–Maguezi C ... 16 —

  Government party S ... 186 (216)

  Civic United Front (pro-Zanzibar autonomy) e ... 24 —

  Others — ... 6 —

Thailand (November 1996)        

  Thai Nation R ... 39 (92)

  Thai Citizens Rp ... 18 (18)

  National Development Party Rp ... 52 (53)

  Social Action Party CR ... 20 (22)

  New Aspiration Party p ... 125 (57)

  Democrat Party C ... 123 (86)

  Others — ... 16 (63)

Togo (February 1994–August 1996)        

  Rally of the Togolese People p ... 40  

    Allied party and independents — ... 3  

  Action Committee for Renewal — ... 33  

  Union for Democracy — ... 5  

Tonga (January 1996)        

  Noble representatives — — 9 (9)

  People's Party (pro-democracy commoners) — ... 6 (6)

  Other commoners — ... 3 (3)

Trinidad and Tobago (November 1995)        

  People's National Movement C 48.8 17 (21)

  National Alliance for Reconstruction C 4.8 2 (2)

  United National Congress SD 45.7 17 (13)

Tunisia (March 1994)        

  Government party CL 97.7 144 (141)

  Opposition parties — 2.3 19 (0)

Turkey (December 1995)        

  Nationalist Action Party ER 8.2 0 (62)

  Welfare (Refah) Party Rr 21.4 158

  True Path Party CR 19.3 135 (178)

  Motherland Party CR 19.8 132 (115)

  Democratic Left Party CL 14.7 75 (7)

  Republican People's Party CL 10.8 50 —

  Other leftist CL–L ... 0 (88)

Turkmenistan (December 1994)        

  Government (single) party x ... 50  

Tuvalu (November 1993)        

  Parliament, non-party — — 12  

Uganda (June 1996)        

  National Assembly, non-party — — 276  

Ukraine (March 1994–February 1996)        

  Extreme nationalist parties ERe ... 5  

  Less extreme nationalist parties CRe ... 15  

  Ukrainian Popular Movement (Rukh) Ce ... 21  

  Centrist parties C ... 17  

  Communist Party and allies K–EL ... 132  

  Independents — ... 230  

United Arab Emirates        

  Federal National Council (advisory body) — — —  

United Kingdom (April 1992)        

  Democratic Unionists Re 0.3 3 (3)

  Conservative Party CR 41.9 336 (375)

  Liberal Democrats CL 17.9 20 (22)

  Labour Party L 34.4 271 (229)

  Scottish National Party e 1.9 3 (3)

  Plaid Cymru (Welsh Nationalists) e 0.5 4 (3)

  Ulster Unionists — 0.8 9 (9)

  Social Democratic and Labour Party (Northern Ireland) CLe 0.6 4 (3)

  Sinn Fein (Northern Ireland) ELe 0.2 0 (1)

  Other — 1.5 1 (2)

United States (November 1996)        

  Republican R–CR ... 227 (175)

  Democratic C–L ... 207 (259)

  Other L ... 1 (1)

Uruguay (November 1994)        

  National (Blanco) Party C 31.4 31 (39)

  Colorado Party C 32.5 32 (30)

  New Space CL 5.1 5 (9)

  Progressive Encounter L 30.8 31 —

  Broad Front L — — (21)

Uzbekistan (December 1994–January 1995)        

  People's Democratic Party and allies x 100.0 250  

  Opposition parties     ‡  

Vanuatu (November 1995)        

  Union of Moderate Parties CR ... 17 ( 19 )

  Vanuatu National United Party CR ... 9 (10)

  Unity Front coalition — ... 20 (16)

  Others and independents — ... 4 (1)

Venezuela (December 1993)        

  COPEI (Social Christians) CR–CL 22.8 54 (67)

  Democratic Action SD 23.9 55 (97)

  National Convergence L 24.4 50 —

  Movement to Socialism       (18)

  The Radical Cause EL 21.1 40 (3)

  Others — 7.8 0 (16)

Vietnam (July 1992)        

  Government (single) party — ... 395  

Western Samoa (April 1996)        

  Human Rights Protection Party — 43.5 24 (30)

  National Development Party — 26.1 11 (14)

  Independents and other — 30.4 14 (3)

Yemen (April 1993)        

  Yemeni Alliance for Reform Rr ... 62  

  General People's Congress — ... 123  

  Yemeni Socialist Party K ... 56  

  Others and independents — ... 60  

Yugoslavia (November 1996)        

  Serbian Radical Party ERe 18.5 16 (34)

  Zajedno (Together)        

    (four-party coalition) CR–CLe 23.9 22  

    Serbian Democratic Movement Ce     (20)

    Democratic Party C     (5)

  Socialist Party of Serbia and allies xe 48.1 64 (47)

  Democratic Party of Socialists of Montenegro xe ... 20 (17)

  People's Party (Montenegrin pro-Serbian) e ... 8 (4)

  Others — ... 8 (11)

Zaire        

  Transitional government from April 1994 — — —  

Zambia (November 1996)        

  Movement for Multiparty Democracy — 60.8 127 (125)

  Others and independents — 39.2 20 (25)

Zimbabwe (April 1995)        

  Zimbabwe African National Union–Patriotic Front — 82.3 118 (117)

  Others and independents — 17.7 2 (3)

See as table:

*Boycotted. †Approximate. ‡Banned.

* * *