Togon-temür

Togon-temür

▪ emperor of Yuan dynasty
posthumous name (shi)  (Yuan) Shundi , Wade-Giles romanization  Shun-ti 
born 1320, China
died 1370, China

      last emperor (reigned 1333–68) of the Yuan (Mongol) dynasty (Yuan dynasty) (1206–1368) in China, under whom the population was provoked into rebellion.

      Togon-temür became emperor at the age of 13 but proved to be a weak ruler who preferred to spend his time exploring the religious cult of Lamaism and dallying with his harem rather than governing the country. In the early years of his reign, power was held by the anti-Chinese minister Bayan, who suspended the civil-service examinations, prohibited Chinese from wearing certain colours or using certain ideographs, and even proposed mass execution of Chinese on the basis of their names. Bayan's discriminatory policies, together with the deteriorating economic situation of the country, caused widespread rebellion. In 1339 the minister was banished and many of his policies reversed.

      But the emperor still showed little interest in governing, and the situation continued to deteriorate. Togon-temür's son, the heir apparent, became alarmed at the increasing power his father was putting into the hands of Buddhist priests and eunuchs and plotted unsuccessfully to depose him. In 1368, when the foremost rebel leader, Zhu Yuanzhang (1328–98), advanced on the capital at Dadu (now Beijing), Togon-temür disregarded appeals urging him to stay and defend his inheritance. Instead he fled into the steppes of Inner Mongolia and died there two years later, ending the dynasty. He was given the posthumous name of Huizong (“Gracious Ancestor”) by the Mongols but is usually known as Shundi (“Favourable Emperor”), a title given him by the Ming dynasty (1368–1644).

* * *


Universalium. 2010.

Игры ⚽ Поможем решить контрольную работу

Look at other dictionaries:

  • china — /chuy neuh/, n. 1. a translucent ceramic material, biscuit fired at a high temperature, its glaze fired at a low temperature. 2. any porcelain ware. 3. plates, cups, saucers, etc., collectively. 4. figurines made of porcelain or ceramic material …   Universalium

  • China — /chuy neuh/, n. 1. People s Republic of, a country in E Asia. 1,221,591,778; 3,691,502 sq. mi. (9,560,990 sq. km). Cap.: Beijing. 2. Republic of. Also called Nationalist China. a republic consisting mainly of the island of Taiwan off the SE coast …   Universalium

  • Aruqtai — ▪ Mongol chief flourished 15th century       chief of the As (or Alan) Mongols, who allied himself with Mahamu, chief of the Oyrat Mongols, and with him defeated Ugechi, whom the Ming dynasty had recognized as the chief of the Mongols. In 1423… …   Universalium

  • Bayan — ▪ Mongolian minister flourished 14th century, China died 1340, Nanchang, Jiangxi province       powerful Mongol minister in the last years of the Yuan (Mongol) dynasty (Yuan dynasty) (1206–1368) of China. His anti Chinese policies heightened… …   Universalium

  • Marignolli, Giovanni dei — ▪ Italian clergyman born before 1290, Florence [Italy]       Franciscan friar and one of four legates sent to the court of the Mongol emperor of China, Togon Temür, at Khanbaliq (Beijing). Marignolli s notes on the journey, though fragmentary,… …   Universalium

  • MONGOLIE (histoire) — La Mongolie est le creuset d’où sont sorties les races turque et mongole, parentes ou proches par leur langue comme par certains traits ethniques et culturels. En cette terre dure à l’homme, l’élevage nomade s’est trouvé être la forme d’économie… …   Encyclopédie Universelle

Share the article and excerpts

Direct link
Do a right-click on the link above
and select “Copy Link”