Stolypin land reform

Stolypin land reform

▪ Russian agricultural history
      (1906–17), measures undertaken by the Russian government to allow peasants to own land individually. Its aim was to encourage industrious peasants to acquire their own land, and ultimately to create a class of prosperous, conservative, small farmers that would be a stabilizing influence in the countryside and would support the autocracy. After the government emancipated the serfs in 1861 it allotted land to each peasant household, but the land was collectively owned by the village communes. The communes traditionally divided the land into strips, which were distributed among the households for cultivation.

      The lack of economic success in agriculture following emancipation, as well as the violent peasant uprisings that occurred during the Revolution of 1905 (Russian Revolution of 1905), suggested the need to abandon communal land tenure and to replace it with individual land ownership. On Nov. 22 (Nov. 9, old style), 1906, while the Duma (the formal legislative body) was not in session, the prime minister Pyotr Arkadyevich Stolypin issued a decree that enabled each peasant household to claim individual ownership of its land allotment and to withdraw from the commune. The household could also demand that the commune provide it with a consolidated plot equivalent to the scattered strips it had been cultivating. Furthermore, the decree abolished joint household ownership and made the head of each household the sole property owner. In 1910 the decree was finally confirmed by the Duma, which passed laws expanding it in 1910 and 1911.

      The reform was only a moderate success. By the end of 1916 no more than 20 percent of the peasant households had title to their land, although fewer (some 10 percent) had received consolidated plots. The reform did not transform the peasantry into the bulwark of support that the autocracy needed; and during 1917 peasants everywhere participated in the revolutions, seizing properties belonging to the Stolypin farmers.

* * *


Universalium. 2010.

Игры ⚽ Нужна курсовая?

Look at other dictionaries:

  • Land reform — Land reforms (also agrarian reform, though that can have a broader meaning) is an often controversial alteration in the societal arrangements whereby government administers possession and use of land. Land reform may consist of a government… …   Wikipedia

  • land reform — any program, esp. when undertaken by a national government, involving the redistribution of agricultural land among the landless. [1840 50, Amer.] * * * Deliberate change in the way agricultural land is held or owned, the methods of its… …   Universalium

  • Stolypin reform — The Stolypin agrarian reforms were a series of changes to Imperial Russia s agricultural sector instituted during the tenure of Pyotr Stolypin, Chairman of the Council of Ministers (Prime Minister). Most if not all of these reforms were based on… …   Wikipedia

  • Stolypin — Pjotr Stolypin Pjotr Arkadjewitsch Stolypin (russisch Пётр Аркадьевич Столыпин, wiss. Transliteration Pёtr Arkad evič Stolypin; * 2. Apriljul./ 14. April 1862greg. in …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Stolypin, Pyotr Arkadyevich — ▪ Russian statesman born April 14 [April 2, old style], 1862, Dresden, Saxony died Sept. 18 [Sept. 5, O.S.], 1911, Kiev  conservative statesman who, after the Russian Revolution of 1905, initiated far reaching agrarian reforms to improve the… …   Universalium

  • Stolypin, Peter Arkadievich — (1862–1911)    Stolypin was the most successful reformer of the last years of tsardom, and an effective and brutal security boss. After serving as governor of Saratov oblast, Stolypin was brought to the capital as minister of internal affairs in… …   Historical dictionary of Russian and Soviet Intelligence

  • Pyotr Stolypin — Infobox Prime Minister | name=Pyotr Stolypin nationality=Russian order =3rd Prime Minister of Imperial Russia monarch = Nicholas II term start=July 21, 1906 term end=September 18, 1911 predecessor=Ivan Goremykin successor=Vladimir Kokovtsov birth …   Wikipedia

  • Petr Stolypin — Pjotr Stolypin Pjotr Arkadjewitsch Stolypin (russisch Пётр Аркадьевич Столыпин, wiss. Transliteration Pёtr Arkad evič Stolypin; * 2. Apriljul./ 14. April 1862greg. in …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Pjotr Arkadjewitsch Stolypin — Pjotr Stolypin Pjotr Arkadjewitsch Stolypin (russisch Пётр Аркадьевич Столыпин, wiss. Transliteration Pёtr Arkad evič Stolypin; * 2. Apriljul./ 14. April  …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Pjotr Stolypin — Pjotr Arkadjewitsch Stolypin (russisch Пётр Аркадьевич Столыпин, wiss. Transliteration Pёtr Arkad evič Stolypin; * 2. Apriljul./ 14. April 1862greg. in …   Deutsch Wikipedia

Share the article and excerpts

Direct link
Do a right-click on the link above
and select “Copy Link”