Silko, Leslie Marmon

▪ American author

born March 5, 1948, Albuquerque, N.M., U.S.

      Native American poet and novelist whose work often centres on the dissonance between American Indian and white cultures.

      Silko, of mixed Laguna Pueblo, white, and Mexican ancestry, grew up on the Laguna Pueblo reservation in New Mexico, where she learned Laguna traditions and myths. After attending Bureau of Indian Affairs schools and graduating with honours from the University of New Mexico (B.A., 1969), she entered law school but abandoned her legal studies to do graduate work in English and pursue a writing career. Her first publications were several short stories and the poetry collection Laguna Woman (1974).

      Often referred to as the premier Native American writer of her generation, Silko drew on the Laguna stories she had heard in childhood. She combined concerns of Laguna spirituality, such as the relationship between human beings and the natural elements, with complex portrayals of contemporary struggles to retain Native American culture in an Anglo world.

      She published the novel Ceremony (1977) to great critical acclaim. It tells the story of the relationship between a returning World War II veteran of mixed Laguna and Anglo heritage and a tribal wise man who teaches him Laguna folklore and ceremonies that help him heal the psychic wounds caused by war. Apart from Silko's close observation of human nature, Ceremony was also noted for its nonchronological narrative method.

      In 1981 Silko received a MacArthur Foundation fellowship, and the volume Storyteller, which includes poetry, tribal stories, fiction, and photographs, was published. The Delicacy and Strength of Lace (1985), selected correspondence between herself and nature poet James Wright (Wright, James), followed. Silko's second novel, Almanac of the Dead (1991), explores themes similar to those found in Ceremony, this time through the lives of two Native American women. Yellow Woman and a Beauty of the Spirit (1996) is a collection of essays on contemporary Native American life.

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