Oliver, Mary

▪ American poet

born Sept. 10, 1935, Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.

      American poet whose work reflects a deep communion with the natural world.

      Oliver attended Ohio State University and Vassar College but did not earn a degree. She worked for a time as a secretary for the sister of Edna St. Vincent Millay (Millay, Edna St. Vincent). Millay's influence is apparent in Oliver's first book of poetry, No Voyage and Other Poems (1963). These lyrical nature poems are set in a variety of locales, especially the Ohio of Oliver's youth. Her childhood plays a more central role in The River Styx, Ohio, and Other Poems (1972), in which she attempted to re-create the past through memory and myth. The Night Traveler (1978) explores the themes of birth, decay, and death through the conceit of a journey into the underworld of classical mythology. In these poems Oliver's fluent imagery weaves together the worlds of humans, animals, and plants.

      Her volume American Primitive (1983), which won a Pulitzer Prize, glorifies the natural world, reflecting the American fascination with the ideal of the pastoral life as it was first expressed by Henry David Thoreau. In House of Light (1990) Oliver explores the rewards of solitude in nature. New and Selected Poems (1992), which won a National Book Award, White Pine (1994), Blue Pastures (1995), and West Wind: Poems and Prose Poems (1997) are later collections.

      Oliver also wrote about the writing of poetry in two slender but rich volumes, A Poetry Handbook (1995) and Rules for the Dance: A Handbook for Writing and Reading Metrical Verse (1998). Winter Hours (1999) includes poetry, prose poems, and essays on other poets.

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