Muʿtamid, al-

Muʿtamid, al-

▪ ʿAbbādid ruler [1027-95]
byname of  Muḥammad ibn ʿAbbād al-Muʿtaḍid 
born 1027, Spain
died 1095, Aghmāt, near Marrakech, Morocco

      third and last member of the Abbādid dynastyʿ of Sevilla (Seville) and the epitome of the cultivated Muslim Spaniard of the Middle Ages—liberal, tolerant, and a patron of the arts.

      At age 13 al-Muʿtamid commanded a military expedition that had been sent against the city of Silves. The venture was successful, and he was appointed governor of this and another district. In 1069 his father died, and al-Muʿtamid acceded to the throne of Sevilla. He was destined to rule in difficult times: neighbouring princes were resuming the inexorable advance that in time would bring all of Spain once again under Christian rule. Yet his first efforts were successful. In 1071 he conquered and annexed the principality of Córdoba, although his rule was not effectively secured until 1078. During that time he also brought the kingdom of Murcia under his rule.

      In 1085 Alfonso VI, king of Leon and Castile, captured the city of Toledo. This was a crippling blow to Spanish Islam. Al-Muʿtamid had already been forced to pay tribute to Alfonso, and, when he dared to refuse a payment, Alfonso invaded his kingdom and sacked various towns. Soon Alfonso also began making demands for territorial concessions. Al-Muʿtamid recognized that he could not stay the Christian advance with his own resources, and, acting as leader of a number of Muslim princes, he reluctantly sought the aid of Yūsuf ibn Tāshufīn. The latter, as the reigning Almoravid (Almoravids) sultan, had just conquered all of Morocco and had powerful military forces at his disposal. In 1086 Yūsuf crossed the Strait of Gibraltar and at Al-Zallāqah inflicted a crushing defeat upon the Christian forces. Yet he had to return to Morocco before he could follow up his victory. Al-Muʿtamid now had a respite from Christian military pressure but soon found himself again unable to defend his borders. This time he sought Yūsuf's aid in person, and in 1090 another Almoravid army invaded Spain. Now, however, Yūsuf decided to carry on the jihad (“holy war”) in his own name and proceeded to dethrone those who had invited him. Sevilla was captured, and al-Muʿtamid was sent as a prisoner to Morocco, where he remained until his death.

* * *


Universalium. 2010.

Игры ⚽ Поможем написать реферат

Look at other dictionaries:

  • TAMID — (Heb. תָּמִיד), the ninth or tenth tractate of the order Kodashim in the Mishnah and the Babylonian Talmud. Tamid is an abbreviated form for olat tamid ( daily burnt offering ) and refers to the daily (morning and evening) sacrifices as set out… …   Encyclopedia of Judaism

  • Al-Mu'tamid — Para el califa abasí de Bagdad, véase Al Mu tamid (califa). Tumbas de al Mu‘tamid (a la izquierda), I‘timad (a la derecha) y el hijo de ambos (centro). El mausoleo se construyó en 1970, ya que hasta la fecha las tumbas estaban en ruinas, como… …   Wikipedia Español

  • Al-Mu'tamid — This article is about the Abbasid Caliph al Mu tamid of Baghdad. For the Andalusi Arabic poet who was also the Abbadid king of Seville, see Muhammad Ibn Abbad Al Mutamid Al Mu tamid (المعتمد unicode|al Muʿtamid, d. October 892) was the Abbasid… …   Wikipedia

  • Al-Mu'tamid ibn Abbad — This article is about the Andalusi Arabic poet who was also the Abbadid king of Seville. For the Abbasid Caliph al Mu tamid, see Al Mu tamid. Coin of Al Mutamid Muhammad Ibn Abbad Al Mutamid (1040–1095) was the third and last ruler (reigned… …   Wikipedia

  • Ner Tamid — Das Ner Tamid über dem Toraschrein in der Großen Synagoge in Budapest. Das Ner Tamid ist ein in Synagogen vor dem Aron ha Qodesch brennendes Ewiges Licht. Es befindet sich normalerweise in einem Behälter, der an der Decke aufgehäng …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • NER TAMID — (Heb. נֵר תָּמִיד; eternal lamp ), a light which burns perpetually in front of the ark in synagogues . It is usually placed in a receptacle suspended from the ceiling. The ner tamid consisted of a wick burning in olive oil and it was considered a …   Encyclopedia of Judaism

  • Aish tamid — The aish tamid (אש תמיד) is the eternal flame that was supposed to burn in the altar in the Jewish Tabernacle and never go out. It is not to be confused with the Ner tamid, the eternal light that is kept in front of the ark. In modern Jewish… …   Wikipedia

  • Congregation Ner Tamid — is a Conservative Synagogue in Rancho Palos Verdes, California. The clergy include Rabbi Isaac Jeret and Cantor Sam Radwine. The synagogue has launched a number of programs including the Adult Education, PreSchool and USY programs. For almost… …   Wikipedia

  • Al-Mu'tamid (Abbasiden) — Abu l Abbas Ahmad al Mu tamid (arabisch ‏أبو العباس أحمد المعتمد‎, DMG Abū l ʿAbbās Aḥmad al Muʿtamid; * 842; † 892) war der fünfzehnte Kalif der Abbasiden (870–892). al Mu tamid war der jüngste Sohn von al Mutawakkil (847–861). Nach dessen… …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Nomer Tamid — Synagogue Basic information Location Bóżniczej Street, Białystok, Poland Affiliation Orthodox Judaism …   Wikipedia

Share the article and excerpts

Direct link
Do a right-click on the link above
and select “Copy Link”