Miller, J. Hillis

▪ American literary critic

in full  Joseph Hillis Miller 

born March 5, 1928, Newport News, Va., U.S.

      American literary critic who was initially associated with the Geneva group of critics and, later, with the Yale school and deconstruction. Miller was important in connecting North American criticism with Continental philosophical thought.

      Miller graduated from Oberlin College in 1948 and received an M.A. and Ph.D. from Harvard University in 1949 and 1952, respectively. After teaching English at Williams College for one year, he held positions at Johns Hopkins University (1953–72), Yale University (1972–86), and the University of California, Irvine (from 1986). Miller was president of the Modern Language Association of America in 1986 and contributed significantly to professional academic institutions and organizations throughout his career.

      Like the Geneva group of critics, Miller argued that literature is a tool for understanding the mind of the writer. His criticism emphasized theological concerns, as in Poets of Reality: Six Twentieth-Century Writers (1965), The Form of Victorian Fiction: Thackeray, Dickens, Trollope, George Eliot, Meredith, and Hardy (1968), and The Disappearance of God: Five Nineteenth-Century Writers (1963). He drew heavily on ideas of the absence or death of the divine. By 1970, however, he had joined the deconstructionist critics at Yale, where he often defended deconstuction against charges of nihilism. Although Miller's literary scholarship was always concerned with language and particularly with figuration and rhetoric, his later work stresses these topics with a newly attuned attention to their relevance for theory. Evidence of this concern with the mutual interpenetration of literature and literary theory can be seen in Fiction and Repetition (1982), The Linguistic Moment (1985), The Ethics of Reading: Kant, de Man, Eliot, Trollope, James, and Benjamin (1987), Versions of Pygmalion (1990), Victorian Subjects (1991), Hawthorne and History: Defacing It (1991), Topographies (1995), Reading Narrative (1998), Speech Acts in Literature (2001), and On Literature (2002).

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