Yale school

▪ American literary critics

      group of literary critics at Yale University, who became known in the 1970s and '80s for their deconstructionist (deconstruction) theories.

      The Yale school's skeptical, relativistic brand of criticism drew inspiration from the work of French philosopher Jacques Derrida (Derrida, Jacques). Its most prominent members were Paul de Man (de Man, Paul) and J. Hillis Miller (Miller, J. Hillis). De Man, a professor of comparative literature and author of Blindness & Insight (1971; 2nd ed., rev. 1983) and Allegories of Reading (1979), was closely allied with Derrida and based his theories on a system of rhetorical figures. The writings of English professors Geoffrey H. Hartman (Hartman, Geoffrey H.) and Harold Bloom (Bloom, Harold) (both of whom were also at Yale) were frequently critical of the Yale school, while Miller, whose work focused on textual opposites and differences, often defended charges that deconstruction was nihilistic. The only book the members of the Yale school published jointly was Deconstruction and Criticism (1979). The Yale school helped popularize deconstruction in America, but de Man's death in 1983 and Miller's departure in 1986 marked its eclipse. The revelation (in the late 1980s) that de Man published anti-Semitic articles during World War II further affected the school's reputation.

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