Mairet, Jean

▪ French dramatist

born May 10, 1604, Besançon, Fr.

died Jan. 31, 1686, Besançon

      classical French dramatist, the forerunner and rival of Pierre Corneille. Mairet's characters, his verse, and his situations were freely borrowed by his contemporaries. Before Corneille, he brought to the stage the famous Cornelian figures Sophonisbe and Pulchérie, and he anticipated Jean Racine in two important names, Roxane and Pharnace.

      Mairet worked chiefly in Paris, where he secured important patrons, notably the Duke de Montmorency and the Count de Belin. Their support enabled him to launch a series of plays catering to the growing taste and enthusiasm for classical, or “regular,” drama, which observed rules of place and time and a new standard of verisimilitude and decency. Mairet imitated the Astrée of Honoré d'Urfé in his early, pastoral plays: Chryséide et Arimand (1625), Sylvie (1626), and La Sylvanire, ou La Morte vivre (1630; “The Wood Nymph, or The Living Corpse”). These works, with a comedy, Les Galanteries du duc d'Osonne (1632; “The Gallantries of the Duke of Osonne”), renewed conventional themes by dramatic skill and witty writing. Mairet had even greater success in applying the techniques of “regular” drama to tragedy: Virginie (1633), Sophonisbe (1634), Le Marc-Antoine, ou La Cleopatre (1635; “Mark Antony, or Cleopatra”), Le Grand et dernier Solyman (1637; “The Last Great Solomon”). Finally, after writing a series of tragicomedies, he seems to have abandoned the theatre. There are signs of his political activity, culminating in the Fronde, but nothing is known of his last years.

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