Levine, James

▪ American conductor and pianist

born June 23, 1943, Cincinnati, Ohio, U.S.

 

 American conductor and pianist, especially noted for his work with the Metropolitan Opera (Metropolitan Opera Association) of New York City. He is considered the preeminent American conductor of his generation.

      As a piano prodigy Levine made his debut in 1953 with the Cincinnati Orchestra in Ohio. He studied piano with the famed teacher Rosina Lhévinne, and from 1961 to 1964 he was a conducting student of Jean Morel at the Juilliard School in New York City. Levine embarked upon his conducting career in 1965 when George Szell (Szell, George) invited him to become the assistant conductor of the Cleveland Orchestra, where he remained until 1970. He made his Metropolitan Opera (Metropolitan Opera Association) debut in 1971 with Giacomo Puccini (Puccini, Giacomo)'s Tosca; he became the company's principal conductor in 1973, its musical director in 1975, and its first artistic director in 1986 (a position he resigned in 2004). In his position as conductor and director of the Metropolitan Opera, Levine improved the artistic standards of the company and led the orchestra on numerous domestic and international tours. He formed the Met Chamber Ensemble in 1998, performing ambitious programs, including the 2006 premiere of Elliott Carter's In the Distances of Sleep, commissioned by Carnegie Hall.

      In addition to making guest appearances in the United States and Europe, Levine was musical director of the Chicago Symphony Orchestra at its Ravinia summer festival from 1973 to 1993. Among his important recordings were operas by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus), Giuseppe Verdi (Verdi, Giuseppe), and Richard Wagner (Wagner, Richard) and the symphonies of Johannes Brahms (Brahms, Johannes) and Gustav Mahler (Mahler, Gustav). Levine's straightforward interpretations were marked by vitality and architectural clarity. He remained active as a recital pianist and recorded chamber music in collaboration with cellist Lynn Harrell. In 1996 Levine conducted an extensive world tour with “The Three Tenors” (José Carreras, Plácido Domingo (Domingo, Plácido), and Luciano Pavarotti (Pavarotti, Luciano)), and in 1999 he was named chief conductor of the Munich Philharmonic. In 2004 he left that position to become music director of the Boston Symphony; there he programmed music by Arnold Schoenberg (Schoenberg, Arnold) and other major 20th-century composers, and he premiered works the orchestra commissioned from Charles Wuorinen and Gunther Schuller (Schuller, Gunther). His work with student orchestras at the Boston Symphony's summer home, the Tanglewood Music Center, was highly praised.

      Levine received many honours from cultural and civic organizations in Europe and the United States, including Kennedy Center Honors and the National Medal of Arts. His recordings earned eight Grammy Awards in the years 1982 through 1991.

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