Kobayashi Takiji

▪ Japanese author

born Oct. 13, 1903, Shimo Kawazoe, Japan

died Feb. 20, 1933, Tokyo

      outstanding writer of the proletarian literary movement in pre-World War II Japan.

      Kobayashi attended Otaru (Hokkaido) Higher Commercial School, where he showed literary promise. On graduation in 1924 he took a position with a bank in Otaru, while his interest in literature grew. Kobayashi was deeply impressed by the writings of Shiga Naoya, whose realism, as well as the humanitarianism of the Shirakaba (“White Birch”) group with which Shiga was associated, provided a model for his own idealistic concern with social problems. In 1926 Kobayashi began to be drawn into the Otaru labour and communist movements, and he participated secretly in several tenant farmer strikes and labour agitations. His intimate knowledge of police brutality as a result of an arrest appeared in Senkyūhyaku nijū hachinen sangatsu jūgo nichi (“The Fifteenth of March, 1928”), recording the local events of an infamous national police crackdown. That story, together with Shimen no tameni (“For the Sake of the Citizen”), Fuzai-jinushi (“Absentee Landlord”), and Kani-kōsen (“The Cannery Boat”), established him as the best of the new proletarian writers. He was dismissed from the bank, and he went to Tokyo in 1930. There he participated in increasingly radical political activities and was elected chief secretary of the Japan League of Proletarian Writers. Subject to increased police harassment, Kobayashi went underground in 1932 but continued to publish under pseudonyms. Betrayed by a police spy, he was called in for questioning, and he died in jail the next day as a result of the brutality of the interrogation. He became a martyr for the labour movement, but his contribution to literature lies in his attempt to add literary value to political propaganda through the controlled realism with which he expressed his deep anger over social injustice. His work was published in English in 1933 as The Cannery Boat and Other Japanese Short Stories.

* * *