Emanuel, Rahm

▪ American politician

born Nov. 29, 1959, Chicago, Ill., U.S.

      American politician who served as an adviser to Pres. Bill Clinton (Clinton, Bill) (1993–99) before being elected to the U.S. House of Representatives (Representatives, House of) (2003–09). He later was chief of staff (2009– ) to Pres. Barack Obama (Obama, Barack).

      His father was a doctor who immigrated to the Chicago area from Israel, and Emanuel was raised in an Orthodox Jewish household. He attended Sarah Lawrence College (B.A., 1981) before earning a master's degree (1985) in speech and communication at Northwestern University.

      In the early 1980s Emanuel launched his political career. He worked for a consumer rights organization before serving on Paul Simon's successful 1984 U.S. Senate campaign. By 1989 Emanuel had established a reputation as a hard-nosed political operator. That year he was chief fund-raiser for Richard M. Daley (Daley, Richard M.)'s mayoral race in Chicago, which Daley won. In 1992 he joined Clinton's presidential campaign as finance director, and he became one of Clinton's most trusted advisers on matters of policy. Emanuel played a key role in advancing items on the Clinton agenda, most notably the North American Free Trade Agreement and the 1994 ban on assault weapons. He left politics in 1999 to work for an investment bank in Chicago, and his success in that role helped to finance his successful congressional run in 2002 and briefly served on the Freddie Mac board.

      Emanuel quickly reestablished himself as a major player in Democratic Party politics. After a disappointing showing nationwide in the 2004 congressional elections, the Democratic leadership turned to Emanuel, who was named head of the Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee the following year. In that role it was his job to identify vulnerable Republican candidates, recruit suitable Democratic contenders, and secure financing to make the races competitive. The 2006 midterm elections saw the Democrats pick up 30 congressional seats and secure a majority in the House of Representatives for the first time since 1995. In 2007, at the start of the new congressional session, Emanuel was elected Democratic caucus chair. After the 2008 elections, in which the Democrats won an additional 21 congressional seats, one of President-elect Obama's first appointments was to name Emanuel as his chief of staff.

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