Blondel, Jacques-François

Blondel, Jacques-François

▪ French architect
born Jan. 8, 1705, Rouen, France
died Jan. 9, 1774, Paris
 architect best known for his teaching and writing, which contributed greatly to architectural theory and the taste of his time. His art school in Paris was the first such institution to teach architecture.

      Blondel was born into a famous architectural family and was reared by an uncle. Though Blondel initially went along with the Rococo (Rococo style) ornamentation of the preceding age, he eventually turned against it. In 1737 he executed some plates for Pierre-Jean Mariette's edition of Augustin Daviler's 17th-century treatise on architecture, taking the opportunity to refine some designs of the Rococo woodcarver Nicolas Pineau (Pineau, Nicolas), who had earlier collaborated with his uncle. In the same year, Blondel's De la distribution des maisons de plaisance et de la décoration des édifices en général (2 vol., 1737–38; “On the Designing of Country Seats and on the Decoration of Buildings in General”) began to appear. The work, while not original, expressed an ideal of the taste that continued through the Enlightenment. Blondel's own buildings of the 1730s included an orangery near Florence, the terraces of a château near Brittany, and his town house, Petit dâ Marivat, at Besançon.

      As a teacher, first in his own school (1743–54) and later at the Académie Royale d'Architecture, Blondel influenced such students as the Scottish architect William (later Sir William) Chambers (Chambers, Sir William), best known for his Somerset House for the Royal Academy of Arts in London (1776; later replaced); the French architect Richard Mique, who did much work for Marie-Antoinette at Versailles; the Dutch architect Pieter de Swart, who designed the only remaining Rotterdam gate, the Gate of Delft; and the German architect Christian Weinlig, a member of the Dresden Neoclassical school. In this period Blondel designed a comprehensive plan for the decoration of the centre of Metz (1764), including the Hôtel de Ville (1765).

      At the invitation of Denis Diderot (Diderot, Denis) and Jean le Rond d'Alembert (Alembert, Jean Le Rond d'), Blondel wrote the architecture section for the Encyclopédie (1751–72), the work that set forth the rationalist philosophy of the Enlightenment. As his own significant contribution to 18th-century learning, Blondel compiled his lectures and plans in the monumental Cours d'architecture (1771–77; “Architecture Course”); the 12-volume work was completed (and its 6 volumes of plates combined into 3 volumes) by the French architect, writer, and engraver Pierre Patte.

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  • Jacques-Francois Blondel — Jacques François Blondel (* 8. Januar 1705 in Rouen; † 9. Januar 1774 in Paris) war ein französischer Architekt, Kunsttheoretiker und Architekturhistoriker. Blondel, auch le petit Blondel genannt, war der Enkel des Architekten François Blondel… …   Deutsch Wikipedia

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  • Jacques-François Blondel — (Ruan, 17 de enero de 1705 París, 9 de enero de 1774), fue un arquitecto, urbanista y teórico frances. Fue el nieto del también arquitecto François Blondel, conocido como François Blondel, el grande, arquitecto de la Villa de París, autor de la… …   Wikipedia Español

  • Jacques-François Blondel — (* 8. Januar 1705 in Rouen; † 9. Januar 1774 in Paris) war ein französischer Architekt, Kunsttheoretiker und Architekturhistoriker. Blondel, auch le petit Blondel genannt, war der Enkel des Architekten François Blondel (le grand Blondel). Er… …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Jacques-François Blondel — (Rouen, January 17, 1705 January 9 1774) was a French architect. He was the grandson ( le petit Blondel ) of François Blondel ( le grand Blondel ), whose course of architecture had appeared in four volumes in 1683 [… …   Wikipedia

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