Philately and Numismatics

▪ 1994

Introduction

Stamps.

      Two major philatelic organizations collapsed in 1993. The British Philatelic Federation (BPF) went bankrupt, and the British Philatelic Trust assumed some of its international obligations. In the U.S. the Philatelic Foundation (of New York) ceased trading in April following severe financial losses and alleged administrative irregularities. Interim arrangements were made for the foundation's moneymaking Expert Committee to continue functioning.

      A strong market for rare stamps and postal history continued, with several auction records set during the year. At Christie's first sale in Singapore, the Indhusophon collection of stamps and covers from Siam (Thailand) realized S$3,410,000, against an estimate of S$1.4 million. At Christie's (New York), sale of the Ryohei Ishikawa collection of U.S. stamps and covers from the period 1847-69 realized almost $9.3 million. At Sotheby's (London), £4,370 was paid for an unused King Edward VII 2d Tyrian plum found in a mixture bought by mail order. A 6d dull purple King Edward VII "Inland Revenue" overprint was sold at Sotheby's for £33,000, a record for a 20th-century British stamp. Harmers (London) sold a used 1847 Mauritius 1d "Post Office" for a record £180,000. Superior Galleries of Beverly Hills, Calif., sold a Moon cover (flown in Apollo II in 1969) for $26,400. At a Stanley Gibbons sale in Melbourne, Australia, the unissued New Zealand 1949 3d Royal Visit stamp made $A 10,200.

      Sotheby's reopened the stamp department in its New York galleries after a 10-year gap with the sale of the Otto Kallir collection of aviation history, with realizations totaling $1,104,165; two Montgolfier autographed letters and other contemporary documents (1777-90) made $63,000 (estimate, $12,000). Cavendish Philatelic Auctions (Derby, England) realized £ 436,000 for the Bill Hart collection of Natal and Boer War postal history; a Mafeking Siege cover of 1890 made £ 15,400 (estimate £1,200), and a Natal cover of 1858 with three 1d buff embossed stamps sold for £7,700 (estimate, £300). In Lugano, Switz., Guido Craveri Harmers S.A. realized Sw F 100,000 (estimate, Sw F 30,000) for five colour trials of the Great Britain "Seahorses" during the Shaida sale.

      The Scottish Philatelic Society in Edinburgh, to mark its centenary, served as host for the planned BPF Congress. Six invitees signed the Roll of Distinguished Philatelists: Istvan Gazda, the first Hungarian signatory; Otto Hornung (U.K.), specialist in classic Turkish stamps and postal history; Hiroyuki Kanai (Japan), noted collector of Mauritius classics; Knud Mohr (Denmark), specialist in Danish postal history; Mary Ann Owens (U.S.), sixth woman and first thematic (topical) collector to sign the roll; and Brig. Diljit Singh Virk (India), of the Indian Army Post Office and author on the subject. The Congress Medal was awarded to Derick Ray of Cambridge and the Lichtenstein Medal of the Collectors Club (of New York) to Robert P. Odenweller.

      At Polska '93, held in Poznan, Poland, the major awards were: FIP Grand Prix d'Honneur, Raymond Casey (U.K.), for Russian postal history; Grand Prix International, Peng Hian Tay (Singapore), for Burma 1814-54; and Grand Prix National, Maciej Miszczak (Poland), preadhesive Poland and classic stamps.

      The National Postal Museum opened in Washington, D.C., in the old Post Office Building as part of the Smithsonian Institution. The National Postal Museum in London acquired a pen-and-ink self-portrait of William Mulready, Royal academician, designer of the 1840 envelopes and wrappers.

KENNETH F. CHAPMAN

Coins and Paper Money.

      The production of new types of currency accelerated during 1993 in the wake of numerous political and economic changes worldwide. Russia's central bank demonetized pre-1993 ruble notes in an attempt to curb inflation. The July 24 announcement gave citizens just two weeks to redeem their old bills, but Pres. Boris Yeltsin extended the exchange period to August 31 for larger denomination notes and to December 31 for notes worth 10 rubles or less. Russia and five other former Soviet republics agreed in September to keep the ruble as a common currency, but the agreement later came apart. Estonia and Lithuania, among others, issued their own money. The division of Czechoslovakia on January 1 into two countries, the Czech Republic and Slovakia, led to the creation of separate currencies denominated in koruna.

      Some of the former Yugoslav republics continued to produce coins or paper money, and a variety of local issues circulated in war-torn Bosnia and Herzegovina. The government of Yugoslavia printed 10 billion-dinar notes in an attempt to keep up with the country's hyperinflation. Inflation also hurt Brazil, which released 500,000-cruzeiro notes. Brazilian officials discussed a reform plan that would remove three zeros from bank notes in circulation. On January 1, Mexico introduced coins and paper money based on a "new peso" that was worth 1,000 old pesos. The new 10- and 20-peso coins contained some silver.

      The Pobjoy Mint in England made coins for the new nation of Eritrea, which gained its independence from Ethiopia on May 24. The British Royal Mint struck coins for the U.K. and 17 other countries honouring the 40th anniversary of the coronation of Queen Elizabeth II, while Japan minted millions of coins marking the June wedding of Crown Prince Naruhito and Masako Owada. In August, Ruth Hubbard became the first woman mint master of the Royal Canadian Mint, succeeding Maurice A.J. Lafontaine.

      Worldwide sales of gold bullion coins spurted nearly 30% in the first half of 1993 compared with the same period in 1992 as the price of gold bullion advanced. The Gold Institute reported that Austria issued nearly 600,000 troy ounces of gold bullion coins in 1992, more than any other country. The U.S. American Eagle was the most popular silver bullion coin in 1992 for the seventh consecutive year. Also in 1993, the U.S. Mint sold to collectors three coin types commemorating the 50th anniversary of World War II and three others honouring the Bill of Rights.

      The U.S. rare-coin market advanced 4.5% in the 12 months ended August 31, according to a Coin World survey that monitored nearly 17,000 coin values. The nine-coin "King of Siam" proof set—which included one of 15 known 1804 U.S. silver dollars—sold at auction in February for $1,815,000. In October another of the 1804 dollars brought $522,500 at auction and one of five known 1913 U.S. Liberty nickels, $962,500. The two coins had been owned by Reed Hawn of Texas. In April, Swiss police recovered another of the 1804 dollars that had been stolen in 1967 from the Willis H. du Pont family. In late 1993 Merrill Lynch & Co. liquidated its two rare-coin limited partnerships, which placed millions of dollars' worth of ancient coins on the market.

      Meanwhile, people in many parts of the world—especially Europe—used electronic money cards to pay for phone calls, vending-machine products, and other small purchases. Some experts predicted that the cards eventually would make coins obsolete because they allowed consumers to deduct the cost of items from a prepaid credit balance stored on the card.

ROGER BOYE

      This updates the article coin.

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