pratitya-samutpada

pratitya-samutpada
In Buddhism, the chain of causation that leads from rebirth to death.

Existence is seen as an interrelated flux of transient events that occur in a series, one producing another, usually described as a chain of 12 links: (1) ignorance, which leads to (2) faulty perceptions of reality, which provide the structure of (3) knowledge, which addresses (4) name and form, or the principle of individual identity and the sensory perception of an object, experienced through (5) the six domains (the five senses and their object, along with the mind), whose presence leads to (6) contact (between objects and the senses), followed by (7) sensation, which, being pleasant, leads to (8) thirst and then (9) grasping (as of sex partners), which leads to (10) the process of becoming, culminating in (11) birth, and at last (12) old age and death.

* * *

Sanskrit“origination by dependence”Pāli  paṭicca-samuppāda 

      the chain, or law, of dependent origination, or the chain of causation—a fundamental concept of Buddhism describing the causes of pain and the course of events that lead a being through rebirth, old age, and death.

      Existence is seen as an interrelated flux of phenomenal events, material and psychical, without any real, permanent, independent existence of their own. These events happen in a series, one interrelating group of events producing another. The series is usually described as a chain of 12 links (Sanskrit nidānas, “causes”), though some texts abridge these to 10, 9, 5, or 3. The first two stages are related to the past (or previous life) and explain the present, the next eight belong to the present, and the last two represent the future as determined by the past and what is happening in the present. The series consists of: (1) ignorance (Sanskrit: avidyā; Pāli: avijjā), specifically ignorance of the Four Noble Truths, of the nature of man, of transmigration, and of nirvana; which leads to (2) faulty thought constructions about reality (saṃskāra/sankhāra). These in turn provide the structure of (3) knowledge (vijñāna/viññāṇa (vijñāna)), the object of which is (4) name and form—i.e., the principle of individual identity (nāma-rūpa) and the sensory perception of an object—which are accomplished through (5) the six domains (ṣaḍāyatana)—i.e., the five senses and their objects—and the mind as the coordinating organ of sense impressions. The presence of objects and senses leads to (6) contact (sparśa/phassa) between the two, which provides (7) sensation ( vedanā). Because this sensation is agreeable, it gives rise to (8) thirst (tṛṣṇā/taṇhā) and in turn to (9) grasping (upādāna), as of sexual partners. This sets in motion (10) the process of becoming (bhava), which fructifies in (11) birth (jāti) of the individual and hence to (12) old age and death (jarā-maraṇa).

      The formula is repeated frequently in early Buddhist texts, either in direct order (anuloma) as above, in reverse order (pratiloma), or in negative order (e.g., “What is it that brings about the cessation of death? The cessation of birth”). Gautama Buddha is said to have reflected on the series just prior to his enlightenment, and a right understanding of the causes of pain and the cycle of rebirth leads to emancipation from the chain's bondage.

      The formula led to much discussion within the various schools of early Buddhism. Later, it came to be pictured as the outer rim of the wheel of becoming (bhavacakra), frequently reproduced in Tibetan painting.

* * *


Universalium. 2010.

Игры ⚽ Нужно решить контрольную?

Look at other dictionaries:

  • pratitya-samutpada — En budismo, la cadena de causas que conduce de la reencarnación a la muerte. La existencia es vista como un flujo interrelacionado de acontecimientos transitorios que ocurren en forma seriada, uno como consecuencia del otro, generalmente descrito …   Enciclopedia Universal

  • Glossary of Buddhism — Several Buddhist terms and concepts lack direct translations into English that cover the breadth of the original term. Below are given a number of important Buddhist terms, short definitions, and the languages in which they appear. In this list,… …   Wikipedia

  • Vocabulaire et concepts du bouddhisme — La plus grande partie du vocabulaire et des concepts du bouddhisme est difficilement traduisible en français, sans perdre le sens et la portée des termes originaux. Cet article liste quelques concepts bouddhiques parmi les plus importants, une… …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Bedingtes Entstehen — Das bedingte Entstehen oder Entstehen in Abhängigkeit (skt. pratītya samutpada; pi. paticca samuppāda; chinesisch 緣起 yuánqǐ, W. G. yüan ch i; jap. 縁起, engi; hgl. 연기, yeongi; tib. rten cing brel bar byung ba; viet. duyên khởi) gilt im… …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Entstehen in Abhängigkeit — Das bedingte Entstehen oder Entstehen in Abhängigkeit (skt. pratītya samutpada; pi. paṭicca samuppāda; chin. 緣起, yuánqǐ, W. G. yüan ch i; jap. 縁起, engi; hgl. 연기, yeongi; tib. rten cing brel bar byung ba; viet. duyên khởi) gilt im Buddhismus als… …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Paticcasamuppada — Das bedingte Entstehen oder Entstehen in Abhängigkeit (skt. pratītya samutpada; pi. paṭicca samuppāda; chin. 緣起, yuánqǐ, W. G. yüan ch i; jap. 縁起, engi; hgl. 연기, yeongi; tib. rten cing brel bar byung ba; viet. duyên khởi) gilt im Buddhismus als… …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Pratetjasamutpada — Das bedingte Entstehen oder Entstehen in Abhängigkeit (skt. pratītya samutpada; pi. paṭicca samuppāda; chin. 緣起, yuánqǐ, W. G. yüan ch i; jap. 縁起, engi; hgl. 연기, yeongi; tib. rten cing brel bar byung ba; viet. duyên khởi) gilt im Buddhismus als… …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Pratityasamutpada — Das bedingte Entstehen oder Entstehen in Abhängigkeit (skt. pratītya samutpada; pi. paṭicca samuppāda; chin. 緣起, yuánqǐ, W. G. yüan ch i; jap. 縁起, engi; hgl. 연기, yeongi; tib. rten cing brel bar byung ba; viet. duyên khởi) gilt im Buddhismus als… …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Pratityasamutpadah — Das bedingte Entstehen oder Entstehen in Abhängigkeit (skt. pratītya samutpada; pi. paṭicca samuppāda; chin. 緣起, yuánqǐ, W. G. yüan ch i; jap. 縁起, engi; hgl. 연기, yeongi; tib. rten cing brel bar byung ba; viet. duyên khởi) gilt im Buddhismus als… …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Pratītyasamutpādah — Das bedingte Entstehen oder Entstehen in Abhängigkeit (skt. pratītya samutpada; pi. paṭicca samuppāda; chin. 緣起, yuánqǐ, W. G. yüan ch i; jap. 縁起, engi; hgl. 연기, yeongi; tib. rten cing brel bar byung ba; viet. duyên khởi) gilt im Buddhismus als… …   Deutsch Wikipedia

Share the article and excerpts

Direct link
Do a right-click on the link above
and select “Copy Link”