Suckling, Sir John

born February 1609, Whitton, Middlesex, Eng.

died 1642, Paris, France

English Cavalier poet, dramatist, and courtier.

He inherited his father's considerable estates at age 18 and became prominent at court as a gallant and a gamester; he is credited with inventing cribbage. After participating in a foiled plot to rescue the Earl of Strafford from the Tower of London, he fled to France and is believed to have committed suicide. He wrote four plays, the best being the lively comedy The Goblins (1638). His reputation as a poet rests on his lyrics, the best of which are easy and natural. His masterpiece is "A Ballad upon a Wedding," written in the style and metre of the contemporary street ballad.

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▪ English poet and dramatist

born February 1609, Whitton, Middlesex, England

died 1642, Paris, France

 English Cavalier poet, dramatist, and courtier, best known for his lyrics.

      He was educated at Cambridge and inherited his father's considerable estates at the age of 18. He entered Gray's Inn in 1627 and was knighted in 1630. He became a prominent figure at court with a reputation for being “the greatest gallant of his time, and the greatest gamester both for bowling and cards”; and he is credited with having invented cribbage. He was a gentleman of the privy chamber to Charles I and a friend of the poets Thomas Carew, Richard Lovelace, and Sir William Davenant. When the war with the Scots broke out in 1639, Suckling raised a troop of soldiers, supplying them with horses at his own expense, and accompanied Charles I on his ill-fated expedition. The costumes of Suckling's gaudy warriors and the troop's poor performance in the field were the subjects of much ridicule.

      In 1641 Suckling took an active part in the plot to rescue the Earl of Strafford from the Tower. When the plot was discovered, Suckling fled to France and is believed to have committed suicide.

      Suckling was the author of four plays, the most ambitious of which is the tragedy Aglaura, magnificently staged in 1637 and handsomely printed at the author's expense (1638); the best is the lively comedy The Goblins (1638). They all contain echoes of Shakespeare and Beaumont and Fletcher.

      His reputation as a poet rests on his lyrics, the best of which justifies the description of him as “natural, easy Suckling.” He inherited from Donne the tradition of the “anti-platonic” deflation of high-flown love sentiment and uses it with insouciance.

Out upon it I have loved

Three whole days together;

And am like to love three more,

If it prove fair weather.

      He can even be cynically chiding in such songs as this:

Why so pale and wan, fond lover?

Prithee, why so pale?

Will, when looking well can't move her,

Looking ill prevail?

Prithee, why so pale?

      A Session of the Poets (1637; published 1646) is an amusing skit for which he probably took a hint from an Italian work by Traiano Boccalini; it is the prototype of a long line of similar works in the 17th and 18th centuries. His masterpiece is undoubtedly “A Ballad Upon a Wedding,” in the style and metre of the contemporary street ballad. Suckling's extant letters are in lively, colloquial prose that anticipates that of the Restoration wits.

Additional Reading

A critical study is Charles L. Squier, Sir John Suckling (1978).

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