Ibn Sa{ʽ}ūd

Ibn Sa{ʽ}ūd
in full ʽAbd al-ʽAzīz ibn ʽAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Fayṣal Āl Saʽūd

born с 1880, Riyadh, Arabian Peninsula
died Nov. 9, 1953, Al-Ṭāʾif, Saud.Ar.

Founder of modern-day Saudi Arabia.

Though the Saūd dynasty had ruled much of Arabia from 1780 to 1880, in Ibn Saʽūd's infancy the family was forced out by its rivals, the Rashīds. At age 21 Ibn Saʽūd led a daring raid against the Rashīds and recaptured the family capital, Riyadh. He was driven out two years later but reconstituted his forces and fought on, using puritanical Wahhābī Islam to rally nomadic tribesmen to his cause, thereby forming the Ikhwān. In 1920–22 he defeated the Rashīds and doubled his own territory. In 1924 he conquered the Hejaz (see Husayn ibn Alī). In 1932 he formally created the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, which he ruled as an absolute monarch. He signed his first oil deal in 1933 but remained virtually penniless until the 1950s, when oil revenues began pouring in. His sons succeeded him.

Ibn Saʽūd

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Universalium. 2010.

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