Four Books

Four Books

Ancient Confucian texts used as the basis of study for civil service examinations (see Chinese examination system) in China (1313–1905).

They served as an introduction to Confucianism and were traditionally studied before the more difficult Five Classics. The publication of the four texts as a unit in 1190 with commentaries by Zhu Xi helped revitalize Confucianism in China. The texts are Daxue, Zhongyong, Lunyu (the Analects, which reputedly contains direct quotations from Confucius and is deemed the most reliable source of his teachings), and Mencius.

* * *


Universalium. 2010.

Игры ⚽ Нужен реферат?

Look at other dictionaries:

  • Four Books — Distinguish from The Four Books, which are Shi a Muslim collections of hadiths. The Four Books of Confucianism (zh tp|t=四書|p=Sì Shū) (not to be confused with the Four Great Classical Novels of Chinese literature), are Chinese classic texts that… …   Wikipedia

  • Four Books and Five Classics — The Four Books and Five Classics (zh tsp|t=四書五經|s=四书五经|p=Sìshū Wŭjīng) are the authoritative books of Confucianism in China written before 300 BC.Four BooksThe Four Books are Chinese classic texts that Zhu Xi selected, in the Song dynasty, as an… …   Wikipedia

  • The Four Books — Distinguish from the Four Books of Chinese Confucianism. The Four Books (Arabic: الكتب الاربعة Al Kutub Al Arbʿah ) is a Twelver Shiʿa term referring to their four best known hadith collections.The books are: Shi a Muslims use this different set… …   Wikipedia

  • Four Great Inventions — Five major steps in papermaking, outlined by Cai Lun in AD 105 Traditional Chinese 四大發明 …   Wikipedia

  • Four Ancient Books of Wales — The Four Ancient Books of Wales is a term coined by William Forbes Skene to describe four important medieval manuscripts written in Middle Welsh and dating from the 13th, 14th, and 15th centuries. They contain primarily texts of poetry and prose …   Wikipedia

  • Books of Samuel — The Books of Samuel (Hebrew: Sefer Sh muel ספר שמואל) are part of the Tanakh (part of Judaism s Hebrew Bible) and also of the Christian Old Testament. The work was originally written in Hebrew, and the Book(s) of Samuel originally formed a single …   Wikipedia

  • four — /fawr, fohr/, n. 1. a cardinal number, three plus one. 2. a symbol of this number, 4 or IV or IIII. 3. a set of this many persons or things. 4. a playing card, die face, or half of a domino face with four pips. 5. fours, Jazz. alternate four bar… …   Universalium

  • Books on British railway accidents — There are a number of books on British railway accidents which provide aid in the systematic study of the causes and effects of accidents, and their prevention. There are common themes in many accidents (see Classification). Key books are listed… …   Wikipedia

  • Four Great Classical Novels — The Four Great Classical Novels, or Four Major Classical Novels (zh c|c=四大名著) of Chinese literature, are the four novels commonly counted by scholars to be the greatest and most influential in classical Chinese fiction. Well known to every… …   Wikipedia

  • Four happiness boys — The image of the Four Happiness Boys is believed to have began sometime during the Ming Dynasty (1368 1644) by a child prodigy by the name of Jie Jin. By the age of five, this remarkable child had studied and mastered the ancient Chinese ‘Four… …   Wikipedia

Share the article and excerpts

Direct link
Do a right-click on the link above
and select “Copy Link”