- lisp
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—lisper, n. —lispingly, adv./lisp/, n.1. a speech defect consisting in pronouncing s and z like or nearly like the th-sounds of thin and this, respectively.2. Phonet. any unconventional articulation of the sibilants, as the pronunciation of s and z with the tongue between the teeth (lingual protrusion lisp), close to or touching the upper front teeth (dental lisp), or raised so that the breath is emitted laterally (lateral lisp).3. the act, habit, or sound of lisping.v.t., v.i.4. to pronounce or speak with a lisp.5. to speak imperfectly, esp. in a childish manner.[bef. 1100; ME wlispen, lipsen, OE awlyspian; akin to D lisp(el)en, G lispeln, Norw leipsa]
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Powerful computer programming language designed for manipulating lists of data or symbols rather than processing numerical data, used extensively in artificial-intelligence applications.It was developed in the late 1950s and early 1960s by a group headed by John McCarthy at MIT. Its name derives from "list processor." Radically different from such other programming languages as ALGOL, C, C++, FORTRAN, and Pascal, it requires large memory space and is slow in executing programs.* * *
in full list processinga computer programming language developed about 1960 by John McCarthy at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). LISP was founded on the mathematical theory of recursive functions (in which a function appears in its own definition). A LISP program is a function applied to data, rather than being a sequence of procedural steps as in FORTRAN and Algol. LISP uses a very simple notation in which operations and their operands are given in a parenthesized list. For example, (+ a (* b c)) stands for a + b*c. Although this appears awkward, the notation works well for computers. LISP also uses the list structure to represent data, and, because programs and data use the same structure, it is easy for a LISP program to operate on other programs as data.LISP became a common language for artificial intelligence (AI) programming, partly owing to the confluence of LISP and AI work at MIT and partly because AI programs capable of “learning” could be written in LISP as self-modifying programs. LISP has evolved through numerous dialects, such as Scheme and Common LISP.David Hemmendinger* * *
Universalium. 2010.
