isnad

isnad
/is nahd"/, n. Islam.
the chain of testimony by which a hadith is transmitted.
[ < Ar isnad]

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In Islam, a list of authorities who have transmitted accounts of the teachings or actions of Muhammad, one of the Companions of the Prophet, or of a later authority.

Each of these accounts, known as Hadīth, includes an isnād that gives the chain of authorities by which it has been handed down, using the form, "It has been related to me by A on the authority of B on the authority of C on the authority of D that Muhammad said...." See also ilm al-hadīth.

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Islam
      (from Arabic sanad, “support”), in Islam, a list of authorities who have transmitted a report (adīth) of a statement, action, or approbation of Muhammad, one of his Companions (Ṣaḥābah), or of a later authority (tabīʿ); its reliability determines the validity of a adīth. The isnād precedes the actual text (matn) and takes the form, “It has been related to me by A on the authority of B on the authority of C on the authority of D (usually a Companion of the Prophet) that Muhammad said.…”

      During Muhammad's lifetime and after his death, adīths were usually quoted by his Companions and contemporaries and were not prefaced by isnāds; only after a generation or two (c. AD 700) did the isnād appear to enhance the weight of its text. In the 2nd century AH (after AD 720), when the example of the Prophet as embodied in adīth—rather than local custom as developed in Muslim communities—was established as the norm (sunnah) for an Islamic way of life, a wholesale creation of adīths, all “substantiated” by elaborate isnāds, resulted. Since adīths were the basis of virtually all Islamic scholarship, especially Qurʾānic exegesis (tafsīr) and legal theory (fiqh), Muslim scholars had to determine scientifically which of them were authentic. This was done by a careful scrutiny of the isnāds, rating each adīth according to the completeness of its chain of transmitters and the reliability and orthodoxy of its authorities (see ilm al-ḥadīthʿ).

      Early compilations of the most reliable adīths (known as musnads) were even arranged by isnād; that is, classified according to the Companion of Muhammad to whom they were attributed. Most notable of these was the musnad of Aḥmad ibn Ḥanbal (d. 855), incorporating about 29,000 traditions. Musnads proved difficult to use efficiently, however, and later compilations, known as muṣannaf, grouped adīths according to subject matter.

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Universalium. 2010.

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  • Isnad — A hadith was originally just an Arabic story. As the stories began to be used formally it became common to provide their chain of transmitters, (or sanad سند, plural اسناد isnad) . The story proper was then called the matn.UseThe isnad for a… …   Wikipedia

  • Isnad — Der Isnad (arabisch ‏إسناد‎, DMG isnād, in der Bedeutung von „Stütze“) ist die Kette der Überlieferer eines Hadith, die als Stütze für die Authentizität einer Aussage des Propheten Mohammed dient und diese stets einleitet. Somit beschäftigt… …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • isnad — <ər.>: isnad etmək (vermək) – bir şeyi bir şəxsə və ya bir yerə və s. yə aid etmək, nisbət vermək, bağlamaq; üstünə atmaq mənalarını bildirir. Zülfi müşkininə dil verdim, o, qanım tökdü; Bu xəta düşdü özündən, mənə isnad etdin. S. Ə. Ş..… …   Azərbaycan dilinin izahlı lüğəti

  • isnadən — <ər.> köhn. . . . əsasən, . . . görə, isnad edilərək. Alınan xəbərlərə isnadən. . . Əldəki sənədlərə isnadən demək olar ki …   Azərbaycan dilinin izahlı lüğəti

  • Isnad — L’isnâd (isnād, إسناد), référence ; citation ; preuve) est la chaîne des témoins rapportant un hadith de Mahomet. Cette chaîne des témoins et la fiabilité que l on attribue à ceux ci permettent d évaluer le degré de recevabilité du… …   Wikipédia en Français

  • isnad — iˈsnäd, izˈn noun ( s) Etymology: Arabic isnād : the chain of authorities attesting to the historical authenticity of a particular hadith * * * /is nahd /, n. Islam. the chain of testimony by which a hadith is transmitted. [ < Ar isnad] …   Useful english dictionary

  • isnad — En el Islam, una lista de autoridades que han transmitido relatos de las enseñanzas o acciones de Mahoma, de un miembro de los compañeros del Profeta o de una autoridad posterior. Cada uno de estos relatos, llamados hadices (ver Hadiz), incluye… …   Enciclopedia Universal

  • İSNAD-I EFİKE — Yalan isnad etme. İftira atma …   Yeni Lügat Türkçe Sözlük

  • isnad — noun a Muslim tradition, rather like the Christian one of Apostolic succession, that there exists a chain of human reporters from the time of Muhammad that authenticates the legitimacy of the hadith (sayings and acts of the prophet) …   Wiktionary

  • isnad — is·nad …   English syllables

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