Calligraphy
61Insular script — ▪ calligraphy in calligraphy, any of several hands that developed in the British Isles after the Roman occupation of England and before the Norman Conquest. The foremost achievement of the combined Irish and English book artists, apart from… …
62italic script — ▪ calligraphy in calligraphy, script developed by the Italian humanists about 1400 from antique Latin texts and inscriptions. The humanists called the Carolingian minuscule in which most of these sources were preserved lettera antica,… …
63Kūfic script — ▪ calligraphy in calligraphy, earliest extant Islāmic style of handwritten alphabet that was used by early Muslims to record the Qurʾān. This angular, slow moving, dignified script was also used on tombstones and coins as well as for… …
64lapidary style — ▪ calligraphy in calligraphy, style of lettering characteristically used for inscription in marble or other stone by chisel strokes, as, for example, on Trajan s Column in the Forum at Rome. The words of the inscription may be painted upon… …
65nastaʿlīq script — ▪ calligraphy predominant style of Persian calligraphy during the 15th and 16th centuries. The inventor was Mīr ʿAlī of Tabrīz (Mīr ʿAlī of Tabriz), the most famous calligrapher of the Timurid (Timurid Dynasty) period (1402–1502). A… …
66roman script — ▪ calligraphy also called Antiqua Script, Italian Lettera Antica, in calligraphy, script based upon the clear, orderly Carolingian (Carolingian minuscule) writing that Italian humanists mistook for the ancient Roman script used at the… …
67round hand script — ▪ calligraphy in calligraphy, the dominant style among 18th century English writing masters, whose copybooks were splendidly printed from models engraved on metal. The alphabet was fundamentally uncomplicated; letters sloped 35 to 40 degrees to… …
68taʿlīq script — ▪ calligraphy in Arabic calligraphy, cursive style of lettering developed in Iran in the 10th century. It is thought to have been the creation of Ḥasan ibn Ḥusayn ʿAlī of Fars, but, because Khwājah ʿAbd al Malik Buk made such vast… …
69testeggiata — ▪ calligraphy in calligraphy, the headed ascenders or plumelike terminals to b, d, h, and l, in particular, which became an ornamental feature of the 16th century italic bastarda script. At Venice in 1554, Vespasiano Amphiareo published models… …
70xiaozhuan — ▪ calligraphy Chinese“small seal”Wade Giles romanization hsiao chuan in Chinese calligraphy, a standardized and simplified form of the earlier dazhuan script, in which all lines are of even thickness and curves and circles are relatively… …
