citral

/si"treuhl/, n. Chem.

a pale yellow, water-insoluble, liquid aldehyde, C₁₀H₁₆O, having a strong lemonlike odor, consisting in natural form of two isomers (citral a or geranial and citral b or neral), usually obtained from the oils of lemon and orange or synthetically: used chiefly in perfumery, flavoring, and the synthesis of vitamin A.

[1890-95; CITR(US) + -AL¹]

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▪ chemical compound

also called  3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadienal 

      a pale yellow liquid, with a strong lemon odour, that occurs in the essential oils (essential oil) of plants. It is insoluble in water but soluble in ethanol ( ethyl alcohol), diethyl ether (ethyl ether), and mineral oil. It is used in perfumes (perfume) and flavourings (flavouring) and in the manufacture of other chemicals. Chemically, citral is a mixture of two aldehydes (aldehyde) that have the same molecular formula but different structures.

      Lemongrass oil contains 70–80 percent citral, which may be isolated by distillation. Other natural sources include the oils of Verbena and citronella (citronella oil). Citral can be synthesized from myrcene. Ionone and methylionone, made from citral, are used in perfumery; ionone is also converted into synthetic vitamin A.

William H. Brown

 

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