Bunsen burner

Bunsen burner
a type of gas burner, commonly used in chemical laboratories, with which a very hot, practically nonluminous flame is obtained by allowing air to enter at the base and mix with the gas.
[1865-70; named after R. W. BUNSEN]

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  device for combining a flammable gas (natural gas) with controlled amounts of air before ignition; it produces a hotter flame than would be possible using the ambient air and gas alone. Named for Robert Bunsen, the German chemist who introduced it in 1855 (from a design by Peter Desdega or Michael Faraday), the Bunsen burner was the forerunner of the gas-stove burner and the gas furnace. The Bunsen burner consists of a metal tube on a base with a gas inlet at the lower end of the tube, which may have an adjusting valve; openings in the sides of the tube can be regulated by a collar to admit as much air as desired. The mixture of air and gas (optimally about 1 part gas to 3 parts air) is forced by gas pressure to the top of the tube, where it is ignited with a match. It burns with a pale blue flame, the primary flame, seen as a small inner cone, and a secondary, almost colourless flame, seen as a larger, outer cone, which results when the remaining gas is completely oxidized by the surrounding air.

 The hottest part of the Bunsen flame, which is found just above the tip of the primary flame, reaches about 1,500° C (2,700° F). With too little air, the gas mixture will not burn completely and will form tiny carbon particles that are heated to glowing, making the flame luminous. With too much air, the flame may burn inside the burner tube; that is, it may strike back. The Meker and Fisher burners, variations of the original Bunsen burner, have metallic grids to increase the turbulence of the mixture and keep the flame at the top of the tube. The Fisher burner uses forced air. There is no secondary flame dependent on surrounding air, because these improvements introduce sufficient air for complete combustion, and the heat of the primary flame is augmented.
 

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Universalium. 2010.

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Look at other dictionaries:

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  • Bunsen burner — ► NOUN ▪ a small adjustable gas burner used in laboratories. ORIGIN named after the German chemist Robert Bunsen (1811 99) …   English terms dictionary

  • Bunsen burner — [bun′sən] n. [after BUNSEN Robert Wilhelm] a small gas burner that produces a hot, blue flame, used in chemistry laboratories, etc.: it consists of a hollow metal tube with holes at the bottom for admitting air to be mixed with the gas …   English World dictionary

  • Bunsen burner — 1879, named for Prof. Robert Wilhelm Bunsen (1811 1899) of Heidelberg, who invented it in 1855. He also was co inventor of the spectroscope …   Etymology dictionary

  • Bunsen burner — Infobox Laboratory equipment name = Bunsen Burner caption = A Bunsen Burner with needle valve. The hose barb for the gas tube is facing left and the needle valve for gas flow adjustment is on the opposite side. The air inlet on this particular… …   Wikipedia

  • Bunsen Burner —    , BUNSENITE    Robert Wilhelm Bunsen (1811 1899) was a professor of chemistry at the University of Heidelberg for thirty seven years. He is credited with having invented the Bunsen burner, but other scientists helped in its design. Together… …   Dictionary of eponyms

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