Brighton

/bruyt"n/, n.

1. a city in East Sussex, in SE England: seashore resort. 159,000.

2. a city near Melbourne in S Victoria, in SE Australia. 40,617.

3. a town in central Colorado. 12,773.

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Town (pop., 1995 est.: 143,000), southern England.

Lying on the English Channel south of London, it was for several centuries a small fishing village, but it gained popularity in the late 18th century when the prince of Wales (later George IV) made the first of his many visits. His powerful patronage stamped the town with the distinguished character still seen in its Regency-style squares. Victorian Brighton grew rapidly with the opening of the railway connecting it to London (1841).

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▪ Colorado, United States

      city, seat (1902) of Adams county (and lying partially within Weld county), north-central Colorado, U.S., on the South Platte River. Originally a rest stop on a fur-trading trail between Fort Bent and Fort Laramie, Wyoming, the town developed (in the late 1860s) at the junction of the Denver Pacific and the Denver, Marshall and Boulder railways as Hughes Station, named for Bela M. Hughes, a railroad promoter. In 1881 the town was platted by D.F. Carmichael, an engineer, and named by his wife after her birthplace, Brighton Beach, New York. Brighton became the site of a vegetable-canning factory and brickworks in 1889 and a sugar refinery in 1917.

      The city developed as a processing and shipping centre for local produce including carnations, sugar beets, wheat, corn (maize), barley, hay, and beef and dairy cattle. At the turn of the 21st century, more than half of Brighton's workers were engaged in service industries. Inc. town, 1887; city, 1910. Pop. (1970) 8,309; (1990) 14,203; (2000) 20,905.

▪ England, United Kingdom

      town, unitary authority of Brighton and Hove, historic county of Sussex, England. It is a seaside resort on the English Channel, 51 miles (82 km) south of London. Brighton spreads over the steep chalk slopes of the South Downs to the north; to the east it is fronted by chalk cliffs; to the west it merges with the residential borough of Hove. Major sea defenses initiated in 1930 line the shore between Black Rock and Saltdean. A marina for boating has been created at Black Rock.

      Brighton was for many centuries nothing more than a tiny fishing community. The site's modern significance dates from 1754, when Richard Russell, the author of a treatise on the health benefits of seawater, settled there to put his theories into practice, thereby initiating the vogue of sea bathing. In 1783 the Prince of Wales, later the Prince Regent and then King George IV, made the first of his many visits to Brighton. His powerful patronage of the locality extended almost continuously to 1827 and stamped the town with the distinguished character still reflected in its Regency squares and terraces. His Royal Pavilion, designed in Indian style with fantastic Chinese interior decorations, was built on the Old Steine, where fishing nets were once dried. The pavilion now houses a museum and art gallery, while the Dome, originally the royal stables, is used for concerts and conferences. Maria Fitzherbert, the secret wife of George IV, is buried in St. John's Roman Catholic church. Victorian Brighton grew rapidly with the opening of the railway (1841) connecting it with London.

      The old fishing port, with its houses of black flint, includes the Lanes, now known for antique shops. The seaward side of the old port is bounded by the main promenade, which lies between the Palace and West piers. Brighton now has more than 7 miles (11 km) of seafront above its pebbly beach. East of the Palace Pier the first electric railway in Great Britain (1883) carried tourists in open coaches.

      The town has the Theatre Royal, a racecourse overlooking the sea from the downs, an aquarium, golf courses, and a sports arena. The municipal airport is at Shoreham-by-Sea. The University of Sussex was founded at nearby Falmer in 1961. Roedean is a well-known public (independent) girls' school. The Royal Sussex County Hospital is the largest of numerous hospitals and sanatoriums in Brighton. The town has industrial estates, and their highly diversified products range from office machinery to street name plates. Pop. (2001) 134,293.

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