anna

anna
/ah"neuh/, n.
1. a former cupronickel coin of Pakistan, the 16th part of a rupee: last issued in 1960.
2. a former cupronickel coin of India, the 16th part of a rupee.
[1720-30; < Hindi ana]

* * *

(as used in expressions)
Akhmatova Anna
Anna Andreyevna Gorenko
Cecilia Sophia Anna Maria Kalogeropoulos
Freud Anna
Gilman Charlotte Anna Perkins Stetson
Kauffmann Maria Anna Angelica Catharina
Anna Lou Leibovitz
Magnani Anna
Anna Mary Robertson
Pavlova Anna Pavlovna
Roosevelt Anna Eleanor
Santa Anna Antonio López de
Sewell Anna
Shaw Anna Howard
Sokolow Anna
Edith Anna Oenone Somerville and Violet Florence Martin

* * *

▪ empress of Russia
born Jan. 28 [Feb. 7, New Style], 1693, Moscow, Russia
died Oct. 17 [Oct. 28], 1740, St. Petersburg
 empress of Russia from 1730 to 1740.

      Daughter of Ivan V (reigned 1682–96) and niece of Peter I the Great (reigned 1682–1725), Anna was married to Frederick William, ruler of the Baltic seacoast duchy of Courland, on Oct. 31 (Nov. 11), 1710. Although her husband died on the journey to Courland after their wedding in St. Petersburg, Anna remained at Mitau (now Jelgava, Latvia), the capital of Courland, until 1730, when Peter II died and the Supreme Privy Council, the actual ruling body in Russia (1726–30), offered her the Russian throne.

      Having accepted the council's proposal as well as its stipulation that she agree to certain “conditions” placing the real power of the state in the council's hands and effectively creating a limited monarchy in Russia, Anna proceeded to Moscow (February 1730, Old Style). But when she arrived and found widespread opposition to the council's conditions among the gentry and officers of the guard, she tore up the conditions (February 25), abolished the Supreme Privy Council, and reestablished the autocracy.

      Anna, however, had little interest in government affairs and relied heavily on her lover, Ernst Johann Biron, and a small group of German advisers, including the head of Russia's foreign affairs, Andrey Osterman, and the chief of the army, Burkhard Münnich, to manage the state. While the empress concerned herself primarily with extravagant entertainments and crude amusements in the court at St. Petersburg, her favourites engaged Russia in the War of the Polish Succession (Polish Succession, War of the) (1733–35), which placed a pro-Russian king on the Polish throne, and in the Russo-Turkish War (Russo-Turkish wars) of 1736–39. The outcome of the Russo-Turkish War scarcely justified its tremendous cost in life and money, since the territory Russia gained by the war still left it lacking a warm-water outlet to the sea. In addition, Anna's ruling clique, which employed excessively brutal and repressive practices against its opponents, alienated the gentry, which resented domination by German officials. The increased expenditures of the court, combined with war expenses, led to a relentless extortion of taxes from the peasantry, whose social status steadily deteriorated in contrast with the advantages gained by the upper classes.

      Shortly before her death Anna named as her successor Ivan, the son of her niece Anna Leopoldovna, and Biron as the infant's regent.

▪ regent of Russia
in full  Anna Leopoldovna  
born Dec. 7 [Dec. 18, New Style], 1718, Rostock, Mecklenburg [Germany]
died March 7 [March 18], 1746, Kholmogory, Russia
 regent of Russia (November 1740–November 1741) for her son, the emperor Ivan VI.

      A niece of Empress Anna (reigned 1730–40), Anna Leopoldovna married a nephew of the Holy Roman emperor Charles VI in 1739 and gave birth to a son, Ivan (Aug. 2 [Aug. 13], 1740), who was named heir to the Russian throne by Empress Anna in 1740, shortly before she died.

      A few weeks later, however, the empress's appointed regent, Ernst Johann Biron, was arrested by certain members of the ruling German clique in Russia, led by Burkhard Münnich and Andrey Osterman. Münnich and Osterman appointed Anna Leopoldovna regent and assumed dominant positions in her government. But they were unpopular among the Russians, and, when they weakened the administration by quarreling with each other, Anna's major rival, Elizabeth, the daughter of Peter I the Great (reigned 1682–1725), staged a palace revolution (Nov. 25 [Dec. 6], 1741). Elizabeth imprisoned Anna and her family in 1742 and in 1744 exiled them to Kholmogory, where Anna died.

* * *


Universalium. 2010.

Игры ⚽ Нужен реферат?

Look at other dictionaries:

  • Anna — ist ein weiblicher Vorname. Inhaltsverzeichnis 1 Herkunft und Bedeutung 2 Varianten 3 Namenstag 4 Popularität …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Anna — is a female given name. Anna, Anne, or Ann may also refer to: notoc People*Anna (Bible), also known as Anna the Prophetess in the Gospel of Luke *Anna of East Anglia (c. 636 654), King of East Anglia *Saint Anne, known by tradition as the mother… …   Wikipedia

  • Anna — Saltar a navegación, búsqueda Para otros usos de este término, véase Anna (desambiguación). Anna …   Wikipedia Español

  • Anna F. — Anna F. (2009) Chartplatzierungen Erklärung der Daten Alben …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Anna — • Details of four women by this name in Sacred Scripture Catholic Encyclopedia. Kevin Knight. 2006. Anna     Anna     † …   Catholic encyclopedia

  • Anna 6-18 — est un documentaire de Nikita Mikhalkov, réalisé entre 1980 et 1993, et sorti en France en 1995. Sommaire 1 Synopsis 2 Fil rouge 3 Fiche technique 4 Principaux intervenants …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Anna [1] — Anna (weiblicher Name, von römischen Etymologen als fem. von annus, die Dauernde, Bleibende, von biblischen als die Anmuthige, Huldreiche erklärt). Denkwürdig sind: I. Mythische Person: 1) A., Tochter des Königs Belus von Tyrus, Schwester der… …   Pierer's Universal-Lexikon

  • Anna M. — Anna M. est un film français de Michel Spinosa, sorti le 11 avril 2007. Sommaire 1 Synopsis 2 Distribution 3 Fiche technique 4 Voir aussi …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Anna — Anna, OH U.S. village in Ohio Population (2000): 1319 Housing Units (2000): 483 Land area (2000): 0.836569 sq. miles (2.166704 sq. km) Water area (2000): 0.000000 sq. miles (0.000000 sq. km) Total area (2000): 0.836569 sq. miles (2.166704 sq. km) …   StarDict's U.S. Gazetteer Places

  • AnNa R — Andrea Natalie Neuenhofen[1] (* 25. Dezember 1969 in Berlin Friedrichshain; geboren als Andrea Natalie Rosenbaum), bekannt unter dem Kürzel AnNa R[2][3], ist eine deutsche Sängerin und Texterin des …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Anna R — Andrea Natalie Neuenhofen[1] (* 25. Dezember 1969 in Berlin Friedrichshain; geboren als Andrea Natalie Rosenbaum), bekannt unter dem Kürzel AnNa R[2][3], ist eine deutsche Sängerin und Texterin des …   Deutsch Wikipedia

Share the article and excerpts

Direct link
Do a right-click on the link above
and select “Copy Link”