academy

academy
/euh kad"euh mee/, n., pl. academies.
1. a secondary or high school, esp. a private one.
2. a school or college for special instruction or training in a subject: a military academy.
3. an association or institution for the advancement of art, literature, or science: the National Academy of Arts and Letters.
4. a group of authorities and leaders in a field of scholarship, art, etc., who are often permitted to dictate standards, prescribe methods, and criticize new ideas.
5. the Academy,
a. the Platonic school of philosophy or its adherents.
b. academe (def. 3).
[1470-80; < L academia < Gk akadémeia, equiv. to Akádem(os) ACADEMUS + -eia adj. suffix]

* * *

I
Society of learned individuals organized to advance art, science, literature, music, or some other cultural or intellectual area of endeavour.

The word comes from the name of an olive grove outside ancient Athens, the site of Plato's famous school of philosophy in the 4th century BC. Academies appeared in Italy in the 15th century and reached their greatest influence in the 17th–18th centuries. Their purpose generally was to provide training and, when applicable, to create exhibiting or performance opportunities for their members or students. Most European countries now have at least one academy sponsored by or otherwise connected with the state. See also Académie Française.
II
(as used in expressions)
Tung lin Academy

* * *

▪ ancient academy, Athens, Greece
Greek  Academeia,  Latin  Academia, 

      in ancient Greece, the academy, or college, of philosophy in the northwestern outskirts of Athens, where Plato acquired property about 387 BC and used to teach. At the site there had been an olive grove, park, and gymnasium sacred to the legendary Attic hero Academus (or Hecademus).

      The designation academy, as a school of philosophy, is usually applied not to Plato's immediate circle but to his successors down to the Roman Cicero's time (106–43 BC). Legally, the school was a corporate body organized for worship of the Muses, the scholarch (or headmaster) being elected for life by a majority vote of the members. Most scholars infer, mainly from Plato's writings, that instruction originally included mathematics, dialectics, natural science, and preparation for statesmanship. The Academy continued until AD 529, when the emperor Justinian closed it, together with the other pagan schools.

      The Academy philosophically underwent various phases, arbitrarily classified as follows: (1) the Old Academy, under Plato and his immediate successors as scholarchs, when the philosophic thought there was moral, speculative, and dogmatic, (2) the Middle Academy, begun by Arcesilaus (316/315–c. 241 BC), who introduced a nondogmatic skepticism, and (3) the New Academy, founded by Carneades (2nd century BC), which ended with the scholarch Antiochus Of Ascalon (d. 68 BC), who effected a return to the dogmatism of the Old Academy. Thereafter, the Academy was a centre of Middle Platonism and Neoplatonism until it was closed in the 6th century AD.

* * *


Universalium. 2010.

Игры ⚽ Нужно решить контрольную?
Synonyms:

Look at other dictionaries:

  • Academy — ist der Name mehrerer Orte in den Vereinigten Staaten: Academy (South Dakota) Academy (Texas) Academy bezeichnet auch: Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences einen Hersteller von Modellbausätzen: Academy (Unternehmen) Siehe auch: Academy… …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Academy — A*cad e*my, n.; pl. {Academies}. [F. acad[ e]mie, L. academia. Cf. {Academe}.] 1. A garden or grove near Athens (so named from the hero Academus), where Plato and his followers held their philosophical conferences; hence, the school of philosophy …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

  • academy — (n.) late 15c., the classical Academy, from Fr. Académie, from L. Academia, from Gk. Akademeia grove of Akademos, a legendary Athenian of the Trojan War tales (his name apparently means of a silent district ), whose estate, six stadia from Athens …   Etymology dictionary

  • academy — [ə kad′ə mē] n. pl. academies [Fr académie < L academia < Gr akadēmeia: see ACADEME] 1. a private secondary or high school 2. a school offering instruction in a special field [a music academy] 3. an association of scholars, writers, artists …   English World dictionary

  • academy — [n1] school, especially for higher education boarding school, brainery*, finishing school, halls of ivy*, institute, military school, preparatory school, prep school, secondary school, seminary; concept 289 academy [n2] society or institution… …   New thesaurus

  • Academy — of Athens …   Philosophy dictionary

  • academy — index institute Burton s Legal Thesaurus. William C. Burton. 2006 …   Law dictionary

  • academy — ► NOUN (pl. academies) 1) a place of study or training in a special field. 2) a society or institution of distinguished scholars, artists, or scientists that aims to promote and maintain standards in its field. 3) US & Scottish a secondary school …   English terms dictionary

  • Academy — An academy (Greek Ἀκαδημία) is an institution of higher learning, research, or honorary membership.The name traces back to Plato s school of philosophy, founded approximately 385 BC at Akademia, a sanctuary of Athena, the goddess of wisdom, north …   Wikipedia

  • academy — n. 1) a military; naval; riding academy 2) an academy for (an academy for boys) 3) at an academy * * * [ə kædəmɪ] naval riding academy a military at an academy an academy for (an academy for boys) …   Combinatory dictionary

Share the article and excerpts

Direct link
Do a right-click on the link above
and select “Copy Link”