New York Philharmonic

the oldest orchestra in the US, established in 1842. It has more than 100 musicians and performs in the Avery Fisher Hall, completed in 1962 as part of the Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts. The orchestra’s free concert given in Central Park in 1986 had an audience of about 800 000, the largest ever in the world for a concert of classical music. Musical directors of the Philharmonic have included Gustav Mahler (1909–11), Arturo Toscanini (1928–36), Leonard Bernstein (1958–69), Zubin Mehta (1978–91), Kurt Masur (1991–2002) and Lorin Maazel (2002– ).

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▪ American orchestra

      symphony orchestra based in New York, N.Y., the oldest major symphony orchestra in the United States in continual existence and one of the oldest in the world. Founded in 1842 as the Philharmonic Society of New York under the conductorship of American-born Ureli Corelli Hill, the orchestra merged with with Walter Damrosch's Symphony Society of New York in 1928.

      Its music directors, music advisers, and principal conductors have been Ureli Corelli Hill (1842–47), Theodore Eisfeld (1848–65), Carl Bergmann (1855–76), Leopold Damrosch (1876–77), Theodore Thomas (1877–91), Anton Seidl (1891–98), Emil Paur (1898–1902), Walter Damrosch (1902–03), Wassily Safonoff (1906–09), Gustav Mahler (1909–11), Josef Stransky (1911–23), Willem Mengelberg (1922–30), Arturo Toscanini (1928–36), John Barbirolli (1936–41), Artur Rodzinski (1943–47), Bruno Walter (1947–49), Leopold Stokowski (1949–50), Dimitri Mitropoulos (1949–58), Leonard Bernstein (1958–69; laureate conductor 1969–90), George Szell (1969–70), Pierre Boulez (1971–77), Zubin Mehta (1978–91), and Kurt Masur (from 1991).

      In addition to performing the standard central European repertoire, the Philharmonic has championed contemporary and avant-garde music throughout its history, performing world premieres of Tchaikovsky's Piano Concerto No. 2, in 1881; Dvořák's Symphony No. 9 in E Minor (From the New World), in 1893; Rachmaninoff's Piano Concerto No. 3, in 1909; Gershwin's Piano Concerto in F, in 1925; and Stravinsky's Symphony in Three Movements, in 1946.

      The orchestra first toured the United States in 1882, under Leopold Damrosch. In 1920 Walter Damrosch led the Symphony Society on a European tour. In 1930 Toscanini led the combined orchestra on its first European tour. The Philharmonic toured the Soviet Union in 1959 and 1988 and Asia in 1984, 1989, and 1994. In 1993, to celebrate its 150th anniversary season, the orchestra commissioned works by 36 composers and also made a European tour.

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