weid-

To see.

Derivatives include guide, wisdom, kaleidoscope, Hades, unwitting, envy, idea, history, and penguin.

I. Full-grade form *weid-.

1.

a. twit, from Old English wītan, to reproach;

b. guide, guidon, from Old Provençal guidar, to guide;

c. guy¹, from Old French guier, to guide;

d. wite, from Old English wīte, fine, penalty, from Germanic derivative noun *wīti-. a-d all from Germanic *wītan, to look after, guard, ascribe to, reproach.

2. Suffixed form *weid-to-.

a. wise¹, from Old English wīs, wise;

b. wisdom, from Old English wīsdōm, learning, wisdom (-dōm, abstract suffix; see dhē-);

c. wiseacre, from Old High German wīzag, knowledgeable;

d.

(i) wise², from Old English wīse, wīs, manner;

(ii) guise, from Old French guise, manner. Both (i) and (ii) from Germanic *wīssōn-, appearance, form, manner. a-d all from Germanic *wīssaz.

3. Suffixed form *weid-es-. eidetic, eidolon, idol, idyll, -oid; idocrase, kaleidoscope, from Greek eidos, form, shape.

II. Zero-grade form *wid-.

1.

a. wit¹, from Old English wit, witt, knowledge, intelligence;

b. witenagemot, from Old English wita, wise man, councilor. Both a and b from Germanic *wit-.

2. wit², wot; unwitting, from Old English witan, to know, from Germanic *witan (Old English first and third person singular wāt, from Germanic *wait, from Indo-European o-grade form *woid-).

3. Suffixed form *wid-to-. iwis, from Old English gewis, gewiss, certain, sure, from Germanic *(ga)wissa-, known (*ga-, past participial prefix; see kom).

4. Form *wid-ē- (with the participial form *weid-to-). vide, view, visa, visage, vision, visit, visor, vista, voyeur; advice, advise, belvedere, black-a-vised, clairvoyant, envy, evident, improvise, interview, invidious, previse, provide, prudent, purvey, purview, review, revise, supervise, survey, from Latin vidēre, to see, look.

5. Suffixed form *wid-es-yā-. idea, ideo-, from Greek ideā, appearance, form, idea.

6. Suffixed form *wid-tor-. history, story¹; polyhistor, from Greek histōr, wise, learned, learned man.

7. hadal, Hades, from Greek Haidēs (also Aidēs), the underworld, perhaps “the invisible” and from *wid-.

8. Suffixed nasalized zero-grade form *wi-n-d-o-.

a. colcannon, from Old Irish find, white (< “clearly visible”);

b. penguin, from Welsh gwyn, gwynn, white.

9. Celtic *wid-, seer, in compound *dru-wid- (see deru-).

III. Suffixed o-grade form *woid-o-. Veda; Rig-Veda, from Sanskrit vedaḥ, knowledge.

 

[Pokorny 2. u̯(e)di- (misprint for u̯(e)id-) 1125.]

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