upo

Under, up from under, over.

Derivatives include uproar, open, eavesdrop, supple, valet, vassal, and opal.

1.

a. up, from Old English up, uppe, up;

b. up-, from Old English ūp-, upp-, up;

c. uproar, from Middle Low German up, up;

d. Aufklärung, from Old High German ūf, up. a-d all from Germanic *upp-, up.

2. open, from Old English open, open, from Germanic *upanaz, “put or set up,” open.

3. above, from Old English būfan, above, over, from Germanic compound *bi-ufana, “on, above” (*bi-, by, at; see ambhi).

4. Possibly suffixed form *up-t-. oft, often, from Old English oft, often, from Germanic *ufta, frequently.

5. Extended form *upes-.

a. eaves, from Old English efes, eaves;

b. eavesdrop, from Old English yfesdrype, water from the eaves, from Germanic *obisdrup-, dripping water from the eaves (*drup-, to drip, from *dhrub-; see dhreu-). Both a and b from Germanic *ubaswō, *ubizwō, vestibule, porch, eaves (< “that which is above or in front”).

6. Variant form *(s)up-.

a. soutane, sub-, from Latin sub, under;

b. supine; resupinate, from Latin supīnus, lying on the back (< “thrown backward or under”);

c. suffixed form *sup-ter. subterfuge, from Latin subter, secretly;

d. Latin compound supplex (< *sub-plak-; see plāk-¹).

7. Basic form *upo. hypo-, from Greek hupo, under.

8. Suffixed variant form *ups-o-. hypso-, from Greek hupsos, height, top.

9. Basic form *upo-. Celtic *wo-, under, in compound *wo-rēd- (see reidh-).

10. Probably compound *upo-st-o-. valet, varlet, vassal, from Vulgar Latin *vassus, vassal, from Celtic *wasso-, “one who stands under,” servant, young man (*sto-, standing; see stā-).

11.

a. opal, Upanishad, from Sanskrit upa, near to, under;

b. Zend-Avesta, from Avestan upa, up to, at (in *upastāvaka-, praise). Both a and b from Indo-Iranian *upa.

 

[Pokorny upo 1106.]

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