kʷel-

I. kʷel-¹

Also kʷelə-. To revolve, move around, sojourn, dwell.

Derivatives include colony, cult, wheel, cyclone, pulley, and bucolic.

I. Basic form *kʷel-. colony, cult, cultivate, culture, Kultur; incult, inquiline, silvicolous, from Latin colere, to till, cultivate, inhabit (< *kʷel-o-).

II. Suffixed form *kʷel-es-. telic, telium, telo-, telos; entelechy, talisman, teleology, teleost, teleutospore, from Greek telos, “completion of a cycle,” consummation, perfection, end, result.

III. Suffixed reduplicated form *kʷ(e)-kʷl-o-, circle.

1. wheel, from Old English hwēol, hweogol, wheel, from Germanic *hwewlaz.

2. cycle, cyclo-, cycloid, cyclone, cyclosis; bicycle, encyclical, epicycle, from Greek kuklos, circle, wheel.

3. chakra, chukker, from Sanskrit cakram, circle, wheel.

4. Metathesized form *kʷe-lkʷ-o-. charkha, from Old Persian *carka-.

IV. O-grade form *kʷol-.

1. Suffixed form *kʷol-so-, “that on which the head turns,” neck.

a.

(i) hawse, from Old Norse hāls, neck, ship's bow;

(ii) ringhals, from Middle Dutch hals, neck;

(iii) habergeon, hauberk, from Old French hauberc, hauberk, from Germanic compound *h(w)als-berg-, “neck-protector,” gorget (*bergan, to protect; see bhergh-¹). (i)-(iii) all from Germanic *h(w)alsaz;

b. col, collar, collet, cullet; accolade, decollate¹, décolleté, machicolate, machicolation, torticollis, from Latin collum, neck.

2. Suffixed form *kʷol-ā-. -colous; pratincole, from Latin -cola and incola, inhabitant (in-, in; see en).

3. Suffixed form *kʷol-o-.

a. ancillary, from Latin anculus, “he who bustles about,” servant (an-, short for ambi-, around, about; see ambhi);

b. pole¹, pulley, from Greek polos, axis of a sphere;

c. bucolic, from Greek boukolos, cowherd, from -kolos, herdsman.

4. Suffixed form *kʷol-es- (probably a blend of o-grade *kʷol-o- and expected e-grade *kʷel-es-). calash, kolacky, from Slavic kolo, koles-, wheel.

5. Suffixed o-grade form *kʷol-eno- in Old Iranian compound *vahā-carana- (see wes-³).

6. Suffixed zero-grade variant form *kʷl̥ə-i-. palimpsest, palindrome, palingenesis, palinode, from Greek palin, again (< “revolving”).

 

[Pokorny 1. kᵘ̯el- 639.]

  II. kʷel-²

Far (in space and time).

1. Lengthened-grade form *kʷēl-. tele-, from Greek tēle, far off.

2. Suffixed zero-grade form *kʷl̥-ai. paleo-, from Greek palai, long ago.

 

[Pokorny 2. kᵘ̯el- 640.]

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