kel-

kel-
I. kel-1
To cover, conceal, save. Oldest form *k̑el-, becoming *kel- in centum languages.
Derivatives include hell, hole, holster, apocalypse, and eucalyptus.
I. O-grade form *kol-.
1.
b. Hel, from Old Norse Hel, the underworld, goddess of death. Both a and b from Germanic *haljō, the underworld (< “concealed place”).
2.
a. hall, from Old English heall, hall;
b. Valhalla, from Old Norse höll, hall. Both a and b from Germanic *hallō, covered place, hall.
3. Suffixed form *kol-eyo-. coleus; coleopteran, coleoptile, coleorhiza, from Greek koleon, koleos, sheath.
II. Zero-grade form *kl̥-.
1.
a. hold2, hull, from Old English hulu, husk, pod (< “that which covers”);
b. hole, from Old English hol, a hollow;
c. hollow, from Old English holh, hole, hollow;
d. haugh, from Old English healh, secret place, small hollow. a-d all from Germanic *hul-.
2.
a. holster, from Old High German hulft, covering;
b. housing2, from Medieval Latin hultia, protective covering. Both a and b from suffixed Germanic form *hulftī-.
3. Extended form *kl̥ə- becoming *klā-. clandestine, from Latin clam, in secret.
4. Suffixed variant form *kal-up-yo-. Calypso1, calyptra; apocalypse, eucalyptus, from Greek kaluptein, to cover, conceal.
III. Full-grade form *kel-.
1.
a. helm2, from Old English helm, protection, covering;
b. helmet, from Middle English helmet, helmet, from a source akin to Frankish *helm, helmet. Both a and b from Germanic *helmaz, “protective covering.”
2. occult, from Latin occulere < *ob-kel- (past participle occultus), to cover over (ob-, over; see epi).
3. Suffixed form *kel-os-. color, from Latin color, color, hue (< “that which covers”).
4. Suffixed form *kel-nā-. cell, cella, cellar, cellarer; rathskeller, from Latin cella, storeroom, chamber.
5. Suffixed form *kel-yo-. cilium, seel; supercilious, supercilium, from Latin cilium, lower eyelid.
IV. Lengthened-grade form *kēl-. conceal, from Latin cēlāre, to hide, from suffixed form *kēl-ā-.
 
[Pokorny 4. k̑el- 553.]
  II. kel-2
To be prominent; hill.
1. Zero-grade form *kl̥-.
a. hill, from Old English hyll, hill, from suffixed Germanic form *hul-ni-;
b. holm, from Old Norse hōlmr, islet in a bay, meadow, from suffixed Germanic form *hul-ma-.
2. Suffixed form *kel-d-. excel, from Latin excellere, to raise up, elevate, also to be eminent (ex-, up out of; see eghs).
3. O-grade form *kol-.
a. colophon, from Greek kolophōn, summit;
b. suffixed form *kol(u)men-. culminate, from Latin culmen, top, summit;
c. extended and suffixed form *kolumnā-. colonel, colonnade, colonnette, column, from Latin columna, a projecting object, column.
 
[Pokorny 1. kel- 544.]

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Universalium. 2010.

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