gʷerə-

I. gʷerə-¹

Heavy. Oldest form *gʷerə₂-.

Derivatives include grave², grief, aggravate, baritone, guru, brute, and blitzkrieg.

I. Zero-grade form *gʷr̥ə-.

1. Suffixed form *gʷr̥ə-wi-. grave², gravid, gravimeter, gravitate, gravity, grief, grieve; aggravate, aggrieve, from Latin gravis, heavy, weighty.

2. Suffixed form *gʷr̥ə-u-.

a. barite, barium, baryon, baryta; baritone, barycenter, barysphere, charivari, from Greek barus, heavy;

b. guru, from Sanskrit guru-, heavy, venerable.

3. Suffixed form *gʷr̥ə-es-. bar², baro-; centrobaric, isallobar, isobar, from Greek baros, weight.

4. Possibly *gʷrī̆- in Greek compound *u(d)-bri- (see ud-).

II. Suffixed extended form *gʷrū-to-. brut, brute, from Latin brūtus, heavy, unwieldy, dull, stupid, brutish.

III. Suffixed extended form *gʷrī-g-.

a. brio, from Spanish brio or Provençal briu, vigor, from Celtic *brīg-o-, strength;

b. brig, brigade, brigand, brigantine, from Old Italian briga, strife, from Celtic *brīg-ā-, strife;

c. blitzkrieg, sitzkrieg, from Old High German krēg, chrēg, stubbornness, from Germanic *krīg-.

IV. Suffixed full-grade form *gʷerə-nā-, millstone. quern, from Old English cweorn, quern.

 

[Pokorny 2. gᵘ̯er- 476.]

  II. gʷerə-²

To favor. Oldest form *gʷerə₂-.

1. Suffixed zero-grade form *gʷr̥ə-to-. grace, grateful, gratify, gratis, gratitude, gratuitous, gratuity; agree, congratulate, disgrace, ingrate, ingratiate, maugre, from Latin grātus, pleasing, beloved, agreeable, favorable, thankful, with related suffixed forms *gʷr̥ə-ti-, *gʷr̥ə-t-ā-, *gʷr̥ə-t-olo-.

2. Probably compound zero-grade form *gʷr̥ə-dh(ə)-o-, “he who makes praises” (*-dh(ə)-, to do; see dhē-). bard¹, from Welsh bardd and Scottish and Irish Gaelic bard, bard, from Celtic bardo-, bard.

 

[Pokorny 4. gᵘ̯er(ə)- 478.]

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