deik-

To show, pronounce solemnly; also in derivatives referring to the directing of words or objects. Oldest form *deik̑-, becoming *deik- in centum languages.

Derivatives include teach, toe, addict, preach, judge, revenge, and disk.

I. Variant *deig-.

1. O-grade form *doig-.

a. teach, from Old English tǣcan, to show, instruct, from Germanic *taikjan, to show;

b.

(i) token, from Old English tācen, tācn, sign, mark;

(ii) betoken, from Old English tācnian, to signify;

(iii) tetchy, from Gothic taikns, sign;

(iv) tachisme, from Old French tache, teche, mark, stain. (i)-(iv) all from Germanic *taiknam.

2. Zero-grade form *dig-. digit, from Latin digitus, finger (< “pointer,” “indicator”).

II. Basic form *deik-.

1. Possibly o-grade form *doik-. toe, from Old English tā, tahe, toe, from Germanic *taihwō.

2. Basic form *deik-. dictate, diction, dictum, ditto, ditty; addict, benediction, condition, contradict, edict, fatidic, herb bennet, indict, indiction, indite, interdict, juridical, jurisdiction, maledict, malison, predict, valediction, verdict, veridical, voir dire, from Latin dīcere, to say, tell.

3. Suffixed zero-grade form *dik-ā-. abdicate, dedicate, preach, predicament, predicate, from Latin dicāre, to proclaim.

4. Agential suffix *-dik-.

a. index, indicate, from Latin index, indicator, forefinger (in-, toward; see en);

b. judge, judicial; prejudice, from Latin iūdex (< *yewes-dik-), judge, “one who shows or pronounces the law” (iūs, law; see yewes-);

c. vendetta, vindicate; avenge, revenge, from Latin vindex (first element obscure), surety, claimant, avenger.

5. deictic, deixis; apodictic, paradigm, policy², from Greek deiknunai, to show, and noun deigma (*deik-mn̥), sample, pattern.

6. Zero-grade form *dik-. disk; dictyosome, from suffixed form *dik-skos, from Greek dikein, to throw (< “to direct an object”).

7. Form *dikā-. dicast; syndic, theodicy, from Greek dikē, justice, right, court case.

 

[Pokorny deik̑- 188.]

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