bheuə-

Also bheu-. To be, exist, grow.

Derivatives include be, husband, imp, physics, future, neighbor, and beam.

I. Extended forms *bhwiy(o)-, *bhwī-.

1. be; forebear, from Old English bēon, to be, from Germanic *biju, I am, will be.

2. fiat, from Latin fierī, to become.

3. Possibly suffixed form *bhwī-lyo-, seen by some as the source of Latin fīlius, son, but this is more likely from dhē(i)-.

II. Lengthened o-grade form *bhōw-.

a. bondage, bound⁴; bustle¹, husband, from Old Norse būa, to live, prepare, and būask, to make oneself ready (-sk, reflexive suffix; see s(w)e-);

b. Bauhaus, from Old High German būan, to dwell;

c. booth, from Middle English bothe, market stall, from a Scandinavian source akin to Old Danish bōth, dwelling, stall. a-c from Germanic *bōwan.

III. Zero-grade form *bhu-.

1.

a. build, from Old English byldan, to build, from bold, dwelling, house, from Germanic *buthla-;

b. boodle, from Middle Dutch bōdel, riches, property, from alternate Germanic form *bōthla.

2. physic, physics, physio-, physique, -phyte, phyto-, phyton; apophysis, diaphysis, diphyodont, epiphysis, euphuism, hypophysis, imp, Monophysite, neophyte, periphyton, symphysis, tracheophyte, from Greek phuein, to bring forth, make grow, phutos, phuton, a plant, and phusis, growth, nature.

3. Suffixed form *bhu-tā-.

a. eisteddfod, from Welsh bod, to be;

b. bothy, from Old Irish both, a hut.

4. Suffixed form *bhu-tu-. future, from Latin futūrus, “that is to be,” future.

IV. Zero-grade form *bhū- (< *bhuə-).

1.

a. bower¹, from Old English būr, “dwelling space,” bower, room;

b. neighbor, from Old English gebūr, dweller (ge-, collective prefix; see kom);

c. Boer, boor, from Middle Dutch gheboer, ghebuer, peasant. a-c all from Germanic *būram, dweller, especially farmer.

2. byre, from Old English bȳre, stall, hut, from Germanic *būrjam, dwelling.

3. bylaw, from a Scandinavian source akin to Old Norse bȳr, settlement, from Germanic *būwi-.

4. Suffixed form *bhū-lo-. phyle, phyletic, phylum; phylogeny, from Greek phūlon, tribe, class, race, and phūlē, tribe, clan.

V. Zero-grade reduced suffixal form *-bhw-, in Latin compounds.

1. Latin dubius, doubtful, and dubitāre, to doubt, from *du-bhw-io- (see dwo-).

2. Latin probus, upright, from *pro-bhw-o-, “growing well or straightforward” (see per¹).

3. Latin superbus, superior, proud, from *super-bhw-o-, “being above” (see uper).

VI. Possibly Germanic *baumaz (and *bagmaz), tree (? < “growing thing”).

a. beam, from Old English bēam, tree, beam;

b. boom², from Middle Dutch boom, tree;

c. bumpkin¹, bumpkin², from Flemish boom, tree.

 

[Pokorny bheu- 146.]

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