daddy longlegs

daddy longlegs [lôŋ′legz΄]

n.

pl. daddy longlegs

1. HARVESTMAN (sense 2)

2. CRANE FLY

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or harvestman

Any of the 3,400 arachnid species constituting the order Opiliones.

Daddy longlegs differ from spiders in having extremely long, thin legs and a spherical or oval body that is not divided in two. The body is approximately 0.05–1.0 in. (1–22 mm) long; the fragile legs may be 20 times the body length. Males are smaller than females. Adults have a pair of glands that secrete a foul-smelling fluid. Daddy longlegs are very widely distributed in temperate regions and in the tropics. The U.S. and Canada have about 150 species. They feed on insects, mites, spiders, carrion, and vegetable matter. See also crane fly.

Harvestman

E.S. Ross

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▪ arachnid

also called  harvestman 

 any of about 7,000 species of arachnids that differ from spiders (order Araneida or Araneae) by the extreme length and thinness of the legs and by the shape of the body. Unlike true spiders, in which the body is divided into two distinct regions, daddy longlegs have only one. The spherical or ovoid body is 1 to 22 mm (0.04 to 0.9 inch) long, and the slender legs, which easily break off, can be 20 times the body length. Daddy longlegs have two eyes located on a central knob on the front of the body. The adults have a pair of glands, near the front of the body, that secrete a foul-smelling fluid.

      Daddy longlegs are very widely distributed, and they are abundant in both temperate and tropical climates of both hemispheres. Typical daddy longlegs of Europe and North America belong to the family Phalangiidae. There are about 150 species in the United States and Canada. Daddy longlegs are most common in late summer and often are sighted in fields. This, along with the scythelike or rakelike appearance of their legs, accounts for their popular name harvestman.

      Daddy longlegs feed upon small insects, mites, spiders, fresh carrion, and vegetable matter. The males are smaller than the females and often differ markedly from them. The male has a long protrusible penis. After a pair mates in the autumn, the female uses her long protrusible ovipositor to lay her eggs in a cleft in the soil. Shortly after breeding, the parents die. The eggs hatch with the warmth of spring.

      Daddy longlegs and spiders are arthropods of the class Arachnida and so are related to scorpions, mites, and ticks.

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