vulcanization

vulcanization
vulcanization [vul΄kə ni zā′shən]
n.
〚/span> VULCANIZE + -ATION〛
1. the process of treating crude rubber with sulfur or its compounds and subjecting it to heat in order to make it nonplastic and increase its strength and elasticity
2. a process somewhat like this, for hardening some substance

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See vulcanizable.

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Chemical process, discovered by Charles Goodyear (1839), by which the physical properties of natural or synthetic rubber are improved.

It consists principally of heating rubber with sulfur; other substances (accelerators, carbon black, antioxidants, etc.) are also added. The sulfur does not simply dissolve or disperse in the rubber, but rather combines chemically, mostly in the form of cross-links (bridges) between the long-chain molecules; however, the reactions are not fully understood. Vulcanized rubber has higher tensile strength and resistance to swelling and abrasion, and is elastic over a greater range of temperatures.

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▪ rubber manufacturing
 chemical process by which the physical properties of natural or synthetic rubber are improved; finished rubber has higher tensile strength and resistance to swelling and abrasion, and is elastic over a greater range of temperatures. In its simplest form, vulcanization is brought about by heating rubber with sulfur.

      The process was discovered in 1839 by the U.S. inventor Charles Goodyear (Goodyear, Charles), who also noted the important function of certain additional substances in the process. Such a material, called an accelerator (q.v.), causes vulcanization to proceed more rapidly or at lower temperatures. The reactions between rubber and sulfur are not fully understood, but in the product, the sulfur is not simply dissolved or dispersed in the rubber; it is chemically combined, mostly in the form of cross-links, or bridges, between the long-chain molecules.

      In modern practice, temperatures of about 140°–180° C are employed, and in addition to sulfur and accelerators, carbon black or zinc oxide is usually added, not merely as an extender, but to improve further the qualities of the rubber. Anti-oxidants are also commonly included to retard deterioration caused by oxygen and ozone. Certain synthetic rubbers are not vulcanized by sulfur but give satisfactory products upon similar treatment with metal oxides or organic peroxides.

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Universalium. 2010.

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Look at other dictionaries:

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  • vulcanization — vulcanize (also vulcanise) ► VERB ▪ harden (rubber or rubber like material) by treating it with sulphur at a high temperature. DERIVATIVES vulcanization noun …   English terms dictionary

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